【DriftKing】总结经验教训，再战托福日志

DriftKingUID: 2664045

7.29

集结号 听写
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=979533&page=6#pid1773021360  #57

一篇阅读 120高分阅读 practice关于沙漠化 除了单词 要加强的还有细心
                                          early childrenhood development
                                          environmental movement
集结号 第六次作文 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... p;page=1&extra=

学习 小左的第六次作业
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=989959&page=1#pid1773023615

DriftKingUID: 2664045

阅读文章 http://www.economist.com/books/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14082073  

Whistle-stop tour

THE subtitle of Alan Beattie’s book promises surprises. He keeps his word in the very first paragraph, which invites the reader to recall September 11th 2001. Everyone remembers, don’t they, that day’s terrorist attacks on the superpower, Argentina? Not so many remember the umpteenth collapse of the American economy a few months before.
topic: the use of Beattie's subtitle?

Of course, says Mr Beattie, in reality it was the other way around. But, he argues, it need not have been. For much of the 19th century the two countries had similar potential, not least in an abundance of empty(不明白?), fertile land to be taken over by European immigrants. At the end of it Argentina’s economy, relative to its population, was a little bigger than France’s and much bigger than Italy’s. That America became the superpower and Argentina the basket-case was not preordained.
topic: big disparity happened betwenn America and Argentina?

This provides the opening example of the book’s thesis, explored in thematic chapters ranging from urbanisation to natural resources. To explain why countries have ended up rich or poor requires a close look at the detail. Time and again(无数次，屡次，一再 over and over again), the answer lies not in luck, nature, the strictures of this or that religion, or the plots of perfidious foreigners, but largely in the choices of rulers and ruled.

DriftKingUID: 2664045

7.30

集结号听写 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... age=7#pid1773024895

今天贪玩了。。

DriftKingUID: 2664045

7.31

学习文章Do you agree with the following statement: nowadays people spend too much time on personal enjoyment –things they like to do—rather than the things they should do
来自
文斌 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=989350&page=1&extra=
MVT https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=989665&page=1#pid1773027109

集结号听写 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=979533&page=7#pid1773028647

glamorouskyUID: 2459211

加油！

DriftKingUID: 2664045

20# glamorousky

谢谢版主关心， 你也加油考g， 祝考出好成绩

DriftKingUID: 2664045

8.1

作文中被MVT大哥指出定语从句用的不好，先补下语法  参考资料 http://news.hongen.com/news/show_34_63.html

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
　　关系副词有： when, where, why等。

1 关系代词引导的定语从句
　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
　 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
　 Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
　 He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
　 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
　 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that
　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

2 关系副词引导的定语从句
　 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
　 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
　 There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
　 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。
　 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词
　 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
　 His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
　 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

3 判断关系代词与关系副词
　 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：（不知道可否这样理解代词有实际意义，是一个句子完整的成分，副词未必？）
　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
　 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

　 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
　 （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
　 （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
　 （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
　 （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

　 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
　 A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
　　在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
　　而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
　　　This is the house which we bought last month.　　　这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
　　　The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
　　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
　　　My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
　　　This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
　　　He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
　　　Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

5 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
　 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
　 This is the house where I lived two years ago.
　 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
　 Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　　

典型例题　
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he
　 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it
　 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that　B. which　　C. as　 D. it
　答案B.
　　as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
　(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which不可。
　(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.
　 在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
　　 I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
　　As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

7 先行词和关系词二合一
　1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
　　 (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
　2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
　　(what 可以用all that代替)

8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
　　　What you want has been sent here.
　　　Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that　 whoever= anyone who
　　 （错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
　　 （错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
　　 （对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
　　 （对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what　
　　当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从　句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
　　I think (that) you will like the stamps.
　　What we need is more practice.

9 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
　　a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
　　　 (错)　The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
　　b) 介词后不能用。
　　　　 We depend on the land from which we get our food.
　　　　 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
　　a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
　　b)　在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
　　c)　先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。　
　　d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
　　e)　先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：
　 All that is needed is a supply of oil.
　 所需的只是供油问题。
　 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.　
　 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

DriftKingUID: 2664045

集结号 听写 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... 31174&page=7&extra=

集结号 第7次作业 关于土地是给濒危动物还是人类建设的选择问题
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=991065&extra=

120阅读 练习模式 illuminated manuscripts
                         lichens 太郁闷了 错了4个全是单词

DriftKingUID: 2664045

8.2

集结号听写https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=979533&extra=&page=7

120阅读 Mount Rushmore错5个郁闷啊，总结教训 一定要紧紧的围绕全文中心选择
            Pacific colonization 错4个 一个单词 3个细节

看篇文章 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/30/health/nutrition/30recipehealth.html  原来是教人做饭的

学习两片作文 关于土地利用的
文斌 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=990926&page=1#pid1773034443
nkgl https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=990979&page=1#pid1773034389

DriftKingUID: 2664045

8.3

集结号听力  https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=979533&extra=&page=8

120 阅读 practice repulsive force 错4个（定位，细节，单词，翻译）                 
                         关于电报 因为专业相仿 效果还不错
solicit repulsive reluctant woefully patent

DriftKingUID: 2664045

http://www.economist.com/people/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14120267

A Viennese grind

MEET Julius Meinl V in a bar in Belgravia and he seems the epitome of the well-bred Englishman, with no trace of an accent. In fact he carries a British passport, although the Austrian authorities impound it when he is in their country. On April 2nd they arrested him, releasing him only when he posted a record bail of

DriftKingUID: 2664045

8.4

难道还会丢数据，昨天看的文章怎么没有了？

集结号听力https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=979533&page=8#pid1773039159

120阅读 练习版本 market economy 单词错误
                            origin of modern behavior 单词好了 但是这种历史文化类文章比较让人头痛
貌似现在固定错误率在4-5个 差太多了 努力方向2-3个

120听力 6个lecture 平均2-3个 有退步了 错的多为细节题

整个难句：by combining and analyzing these two astronomical databases, it was possible to detect something for which it is difficult to devise an appropriately descriptive analogy, but which is being referred to as a kind of shadow thrown by the dark energy against the backdrop of the cosmic microwave radiation- the remnants of the energy left by the Big Bang that still permeate the universe

两个不错的句子
These were, at the time of their discovery in the 1940's, the oldest examples of anything that could be regarded as artistic expression yet know.

the body responds to this by sending them more blood

DriftKingUID: 2664045

8.5

集结号听写
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=979533&page=9#pid1773042906

120 阅读 练习模式 pleistocene extinctions 单词题。。。

好句:Prehistoric peoples subsisted for the most part as hunters and gatherers

难句:they would have had at least as great an effect on the populations of those animals as did any other predator

                          soil  2*单词 1*总结

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http://www.economist.com/daily/chartgallery/displayStory.cfm?story_id=14161925


Democrats v Republicans
A blue wash
Which American states still support the Republicans?
THE road back to power for the Republican party looks long and steep judging by the latest polling data from Gallup. In the first six months of 2009, only four states solidly supported the Republicans (with an advantage of ten percentage points or more over the Democrats in polls). Just one other state, Alabama, leans Republican (between five and nine percentage points in favour of the party). Contrast that with the nearly 40 states that favour the Democrats. Of course, polls can be a fickle guide. Some states, such as Kentucky, leaned Democrat last year but voted for John McCain. And a month is a long time in politics. Recent polls have shown a dip for both Barack Obama and the Democratic party, as the issue of health care has come to the fore.

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http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14140485

What now for Obamacare?
The president’s plan to overhaul America’s health system hits turbulence in Congress
“IT’S a lot easier to be Santa than Scrooge,” harrumphs Jim Cooper. The congressman from Tennessee is complaining about the health-reform plan unveiled in July by the Democratic leadership in the House of Representatives. He thinks it is a populist initiative that will end up fuelling rather than curbing America’s runaway health inflation. Such tough talk would not be in the least surprising coming from the opposition party; but Mr Cooper is a Democrat. And he insists that reform efforts have gone so badly wrong that it is time to “go back to the drawing board”.