有木有潜伏在G版的托福党啊，寻找托福口语小伙伴啊！！

wfxmfwjwUID: 3582171

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-5-20 15:27
阅读速度就是提不上来。。。唉。。。读的快就错的多。。。也不知道还要练多久才能进步T_T
你今天收获怎么 ...

被资本社会重新分配的文章虐惨了，然后喝了个酸奶，修正一下，一会继续去受虐，痛并快乐着···

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.20 comprehension speed up process

Immigrants’ adoption of English as their primary language is one measure of assimilation into the larger United States society. Generally languages define social groups and provide justification for social structures. Hence, a distinctive language sets a cultural group off from the dominant language group. Throughout United States history this pattern has resulted in one consistent, unhappy consequence, discrimination against members of the cultural minority. Language differences provide both a way to rationalize subordination and a ready means for achieving it.
Traditionally, English has replaced the native language of immigrant groups by the second or third generation. Some characteristics of today’s Spanish-speaking population, however, suggest the possibility of a departure from this historical pattern. Many families retain ties in Latin America and move back and forth between their present and former communities. This “revolving door” phenomenon, along with the high probability of additional immigrants from the south, means that large Spanish-speaking communities are likely to exist in the United States for the indefinite future.
This expectation underlies the call for national support for bilingual education in Spanish-speaking communities’ public schools. Bilingual education can serve different purposes, however. In the 1960s, such programs were established to facilitate the learning of English so as to avoid disadvantaging children in their other subjects because of their limited English. More recently, many advocates have viewed bilingual education as a means to maintain children’s native languages and cultures. The issue is important for people with different political agendas, from absorption at one pole to separatism at the other.

To date, the evaluations of bilingual education’s impact on learning have been inconclusive. The issue of bilingual education has, nevertheless, served to unite the leadership of the nation’s Hispanic communities. Grounded in concerns about status that are directly traceable to the United States history of discrimination against Hispanics, the demand for maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools is an assertion of the worth of a people and their culture. If the United States is truly a multicultural nation—that is, if it is one culture reflecting the contributions of many—this demand should be seen as a demand not for separation but for inclusion.
More direct efforts to force inclusion can be misguided. For example, movements to declare English the official language do not truly advance the cohesion of a multicultural nation. They alienate the twenty million people who do not speak English as their mother tongue. They are unnecessary since the public’s business is already conducted largely in English. Further, given the present state of understanding about the effects of bilingual education on learning, it would be unwise to require the universal use of English. Finally, it is for parents and local communities to choose the path they will follow, including how much of their culture they want to maintain for their children.

speeder mode: 150 wpm and understand nothing!!!!!!
read 4 times under 150 wpm, did 4 of 5 questions wrong!!!!!
Will I reading ability improve by training like this? I really doubt it!!!
Maybe the way of reading one word at a time is essentially wrong, for nobody read one word simply at a time. Instead, a good reader can read a phrase of words which forms an idea. I remember sb talked about this as a technique to read fast(not the process of speeding up, but the way a good reader reads passage quickly). Yes we listen to others talk one word at a time, but the tone and emphasize do great in helping us to understand what the speaker is talking about.
I guess what I really need to do is to read numerous materials! After antiquate reading, I may finally improve.


1.        It can be inferred from the passage that one of the characteristics of immigrant groups to the United States has traditionally been that, after immigration, relatively few members of the group
(A) became politically active in their new communities
(B) moved back and forth repeatedly between the United States and their former communities
Many families retain ties in Latin America and move back and forth between their present and former communities.
(C) used their native languages in their new communities
right
(D) suffered discrimination in their new communities at the hands of the cultural majority
(E) sought assimilation into the dominant culture of the new communities they were entering

2.        The passage suggests that one of the effects of the debate over bilingual education is that it has
(A) given the Hispanic community a new-found pride in its culture
(B) hampered the education of Spanish-speaking students
(C) demonstrated the negative impact on imposing English as the official United States language
(D) provided a common banner under which the Spanish-speaking communities could rally
The issue of bilingual education has, nevertheless, served to unite the leadership of the nation’s Hispanic communities.
(E) polarized the opinions of local Spanish-speaking community leaders
right

3.        In lines 38-39, the phrase “different political agendas” refers specifically to conflicting opinions regarding the
(A) means of legislating the assimilation of minorities into United States society
(B) methods of inducing Hispanics to adopt English as their primary language
(C) means of achieving nondiscriminatory education for Hispanics
(D) official given responsibility for decisions regarding bilingual education
right
(E) extent to which Hispanics should blend into the larger United States society

4.        In lines 64-65 the author says that “It would be unwise to require the universal use of English.” One reason for this, according to the author, is that
(A) it is not clear yet whether requiring the universal use of English would promote or hinder the education of children whose English is limited
To date, the evaluations of bilingual education’s impact on learning have been inconclusive.
(B) the nation’s Hispanic leaders have shown that bilingual education is most effective when it includes the maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools
(C) requiring the universal use of English would reduce the cohesion of the nation’s Hispanic communities and leadership
right
(D) the question of language in the schools should be answered by those who evaluate bilingual education, not by people with specific political agendas
(E) it has been shown that bilingual education is necessary to avoid disadvantaging in their general learning children whose English is limited

5.        In the last paragraph, the author of the passage is primarily concerned with discussing
(A) reasons against enacting a measure that would mandate the forced inclusion of immigrant groups within the dominant United culture
right
(B) the virtues and limitations of declaring English the official language of the United States
(C) the history of attitudes within the Hispanic community toward bilingual education in the United States
(D) the importance for immigrant groups of maintaining large segments of their culture to pass on to their children
(E) the difference in cultures between Hispanics and other immigrant groups in the United States


－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
1.        It can be inferred from the passage that one of the characteristics of immigrant groups to the United States has traditionally been that, after immigration, relatively few members of the group
(A) became politically active in their new communities
(B) moved back and forth repeatedly between the United States and their former communities Directly infer able from the text
(C) used their native languages in their new communities. This is not a characteristic
(D) suffered discrimination in their new communities at the hands of the cultural majority. NOPE
(E) sought assimilation into the dominant culture of the new communities they were entering


2.        The passage suggests that one of the effects of the debate over bilingual education is that it has
(A) given the Hispanic community a new-found pride in its culture. totally out..!
(B) hampered the education of Spanish-speaking students. not infer able
(C) demonstrated the negative impact on imposing English as the official United States language. No demonstration of this is there
(D) provided a common banner under which the Spanish-speaking communities could rally. Read the last lines of the paragraph
(E) polarized the opinions of local Spanish-speaking community leaders


3.        In lines 38-39, the phrase “different political agendas” refers specifically to conflicting opinions regarding the
(A) means of legislating the assimilation of minorities into United States society
(B) methods of inducing Hispanics to adopt English as their primary language. no methods suggested
(C) means of achieving nondiscriminatory education for Hispanics. same as B
(D) official given responsibility for decisions regarding bilingual education. nope..!!
(E) extent to which Hispanics should blend into the larger United States society. this gives the clear picture.


4.        In lines 64-65 the author says that “It would be unwise to require the universal use of English.” One reason for this, according to the author, is that
(A) it is not clear yet whether requiring the universal use of English would promote or hinder the education of children whose English is limited
(B) the nation’s Hispanic leaders have shown that bilingual education is most effective when it includes the maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools. SHOWN (X)
(C) requiring the universal use of English would reduce the cohesion of the nation’s Hispanic communities and leadership
(D) the question of language in the schools should be answered by those who evaluate bilingual education, not by people with specific political agendas. Rubbish
(E) it has been shown that bilingual education is necessary to avoid disadvantaging in their general learning children whose English is limited. Shown means proven, which is not


5.        In the last paragraph, the author of the passage is primarily concerned with discussing
(A) reasons against enacting a measure that would mandate the forced inclusion of immigrant groups within the dominant United culture
(B) the virtues and limitations of declaring English the official language of the United States
(C) the history of attitudes within the Hispanic community toward bilingual education in the United States. History (X)
(D) the importance for immigrant groups of maintaining large segments of their culture to pass on to their children. No importance discussed
(E) the difference in cultures between Hispanics and other immigrant groups in the United States. No differences suggested       
_________________

wfxmfwjwUID: 3582171

520
阅读9302,9304,9310,9402.
感觉如果单词没有一个更高的熟悉程度，正确率和速度都很难提升了。
果然是要多背单词呀。
填空陈填5个。
单词500

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.21 comprehension note!

One of the questions of interest in the study of the evolution of spiders is whether the weaving of orb webs evolved only once or several times. About half the 35,000 known kinds of spiders make webs; a third of the web weavers make orb webs. Since most orb weavers belong either to the Araneidae or the Uloboridae families, the origin of the orb web can be determined only by ascertaining whether the families are related.
Recent taxonomic analysis of individuals from both families indicates that the families evolved from different ancestors, thereby contradicting Wiehle’s theory. This theory postulates that the families must be related, based on the assumption that complex behavior, such as web building, could evolve only once. According to Kullman, web structure is the only characteristic that suggests a relationship between families. The families differ in appearance, structure of body hair, and arrangement of eyes. Only Uloborids lack venom glands. Further identification and study of characteristic features will undoubtedly answer the question of the evolution of the orb web.
17.        The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) settle the question of whether orb webs evolved once or more than once
(B) describe scientific speculation concerning an issue related to the evolution of orb webs
(C) analyze the differences between the characteristic features of spiders in the Araneidae and Uloboridae families
(D) question the methods used by earlier investigators of the habits of spiders
(E) demonstrate that Araneidae spiders are not related to Uloboridae spiders

18.        It can be inferred from the passage that all orb-weaving spiders belong to types of spiders that
(A) lack venom glands
Only Uloborids lack venom glands.
(B) are included either in the Uloboridae or Araneidae families
Since most orb weavers belong either to the Araneidae or the Uloboridae families
(C) share few characteristic features with other spider types
(D) comprise less than a third of all known types of spiders
About half the 35,000 known kinds of spiders make webs; a third of the web weavers make orb webs.
(E) are more recently evolved than other types of spiders

I did this wrong because I didn't read the passage very carefully! speed and accuracy!!!

19.        According to the passage, members of the Araneidae family can be distinguished from members of the Uloboridae family by all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) the presence of venom glands
Only Uloborids lack venom glands.
(B) the type of web they spin
(C) the structure of their body hair
(D) the arrangement of their eyes
(E) their appearance
The families differ in appearance, structure of body hair, and arrangement of eyes
C D E

20.        Which of the following statements, if true, most weakens Wiehle’s theory that complex behavior could evolve only once?
(A) Horses, introduced to the New World by the Spaniards, thrived under diverse climatic conditions.
(B) Plants of the Palmaceae family, descendants of a common ancestor, evolved unique seed forms even though the plants occupy similar habitats throughout the world.
not related, talks about only one thing, but the question is two
(C) All mammals are descended from a small, rodentlike animal whose physical characteristics in some form are found in all its descendants.
not related to all, but two
(D) Plants in the Cactaceae and Euphorbiaceae families, although they often look alike and have developed similar mechanisms to meet the rigors of the desert, evolved independently.
This one suggests that they evolved to meet the environment, not because of their origins are related.
(E) The Cuban anole, which was recently introduced in the Florida wilds, is quickly replacing the native Florida chameleon because the anole has no competitors.
A and E talk about adaptability, not related

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.21 comprehension note!
reread  this passage for it can reminds me of the faults I tend to make!

Viruses, infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid packaged in a protein coat (the capsid), are difficult to resist. Unable to reproduce outside a living cell, viruses reproduce only by subverting the genetic mechanisms of a host cell. In one kind of viral life cycle, the virus first binds to the cell’s surface, then penetrates the cell and sheds its capsid. The exposed viral nucleic acid produces new viruses from the contents of the cell. Finally, the cell releases the viral progeny, and a new cell cycle of infection begins. The human body responds to a viral infection by producing antibodies: complex, highly specific proteins that selectively bind to foreign molecules such as viruses. An antibody can either interfere with a virus’s ability to bind to a cell, or can prevent it from releasing its nucleic acid.
Unfortunately, the common cold, produced most often by rhinoviruses, is intractable to antiviral defense. Humans have difficulty resisting colds because rhinoviruses are so diverse, including at least 100 strains. The strains differ most in the molecular structure of the proteins in their capsids. Since disease-fighting antibodies bind to the capsid, an antibody developed to protect against one rhinovirus strain is useless against other strains. Different antibodies must be produced for each strain.
A defense against rhinoviruses might nonetheless succeed by exploiting hidden similarities among the rhinovirus strains. For example, most rhinovirus strains bind to the same kind of molecule (delta-receptors) on a cell’s surface when they attack human cells. Colonno, taking advantage of these common receptors, devised a strategy for blocking the attachment of rhinoviruses to their appropriate receptors. Rather than fruitlessly searching for an antibody that would bind to all rhinoviruses, Colonno realized that an antibody binding to the common receptors of a human cell would prevent rhinoviruses from initiating an infection. Because human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells, Colonno injected human cells into mice, which did produce an antibody to the common receptor. In isolated human cells, this antibody proved to be extraordinarily effective at thwarting the rhinovirus. Moreover, when the antibody was given to chimpanzees, it inhibited rhinoviral growth, and in humans it lessened both the severity and duration of cold symptoms.
Another possible defense against rhinoviruses was proposed by Rossman, who described rhinoviruses’ detailed molecular structure. Rossman showed that protein sequences common to all rhinovirus strains lie at the base of a deep “canyon” scoring each face of the capsid. The narrow opening of this canyon possibly prevents the relatively large antibody molecules from binding to the common sequence, but smaller molecules might reach it. Among these smaller, nonantibody molecules, some might bind to the common sequence, lock the nucleic acid in its coat, and thereby prevent the virus from reproducing.

21.        The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) discuss viral mechanisms and possible ways of circumventing certain kinds of those mechanisms
(B) challenge recent research on how rhinoviruses bind to receptors on the surfaces of cells
no challenge
(C) suggest future research on rhinoviral growth in chimpanzees
not such suggestion
(D) defend a controversial research program whose purpose is to discover the molecular structure of rhinovirus capsids
no controversial research
(E) evaluate a dispute between advocates of two theories about the rhinovirus life cycle
no dispute

22.        It can be inferred from the passage that the protein sequences of the capsid that vary most among strains of rhinovirus are those
(A) at the base of the “canyon”
(B) outside of the “canyon”
protein sequences common to all rhinovirus strains lie at the base of a deep “canyon” scoring each face of the capsid.
at the face of capsid, so this canyon must be outside of the capsid, vice versa.
(C) responsible for producing nucleic acid
(D) responsible for preventing the formation of delta-receptors
(E) preventing the capsid from releasing its nucleic acid

I did this wrong because I didn't completely understand the relative sentence. Another instance affected by the idea of reading faster!!!

23.        It can be inferred from the passage that a cell lacking delta-receptors will be
(A) unable to prevent the rhinoviral nucleic acid from shedding its capsid
(B) defenseless against most strains of rhinovirus
(C) unable to release the viral progeny it develops after infection
(D) protected from new infections by antibodies to the rhinovirus
(E) resistant to infection by most strains of rhinovirus
most rhinovirus strains bind to the same kind of molecule (delta-receptors) on a cell’s surface when they attack human cells.
so when they can't bind the cell, the cell will be protected from being infected

24.        Which of the following research strategies for developing a defense against the common cold would the author be likely to find most promising?
(A) Continuing to look for a general antirhinoviral antibody
(B) Searching for common cell-surface receptors in humans and mice
the author may not suggest to limit the object to mic
(C) Continuing to look for similarities among the various strains of rhinovirus
right, A defense against rhinoviruses might nonetheless succeed by exploiting hidden similarities among the rhinovirus strains.
(D) Discovering how the human body produces antibodies in response to a rhinoviral infection
(E) Determining the detailed molecular structure of the nucleic acid of a rhinovirus

I did this wrong because I mistakenly limited the similarity to the structure of the strains.

25.        It can be inferred from the passage that the purpose of Colonno’s experiments was to determine whether
(A) chimpanzees and humans can both be infected by rhinoviruses
(B) chimpanzees can produce antibodies to human cell-surface receptors
(C) a rhinovirus’ nucleic acid might be locked in its protein coat
(D) binding antibodies to common receptors could produce a possible defense against rhinoviruses
(E) rhinoviruses are vulnerable to human antibodies

26.        According to the passage, Rossman’s research suggests that
(A) a defense against rhinoviruses might exploit structural similarities among the strains of rhinovirus
(B) human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells
(C) the various strains of rhinovirus differ in their ability to bind to the surface of a host cell
(D) rhinovirus versatility can work to the benefit of researchers trying to find a useful antibody
(E) Colonno’s research findings are probably invalid

27.        According to the passage, in order for a given antibody to bind to a given rhinoviral capsid, which of the following must be true?
(A) The capsid must have a deep “canyon” on each of its faces.
(B) The antibody must be specific to the molecular structure of the particular capsid.
(C) The capsid must separate from its nucleic acid before binding to an antibody.
(D) The antibody must bind to a particular cell-surface receptor before it can bind to a rhinovirus.
(E) The antibody must first enter a cell containing the particular rhinovirus.

I did this wrong because I didn't realize the focal point of the question. In order to "bind"(B), not to prevent the infection(D)

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.21 comprehension note!

When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line, shape, and so forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea, disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although I am, in fact, rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks that would have looked like sheer magic to the fourteenth-century painter Giotto. Even the crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto’s contemporaries gasp. Perhaps there are people who conclude from this that the cereal box is superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics.

In this connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call “pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image. The way the language of art refers to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely unknown except to artists, who use it as we use all language—without needing to know its grammar and semantics.

17.        The author of the passage explicitly disagrees with which of the following statements’
(A) In modern society even nonartists can master techniques that great artists of the fourteenth century did not employ.
relative sentence： and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks that would have looked like sheer magic to the fourteenth-century painter Giotto
agree
(B) The ability to represent a three-dimensional object on a flat surface has nothing to do with art.
relative sentence: the study of art and the study of illusion cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line, shape, and so forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-dimensional objects in space.
they can't be separated, so saying 3D has nothing to do one of the two is wrong.
(C) In modern society the victory of representational skills has created a problem for art critics.
But I think that the victory and vulgarization of representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics.
(D) The way that artists are able to represent the visible world is an area that needs a great deal more study before it can be fully understood.
Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image.
agree
(E) Modern painters do not frequently make use of illusionist tricks in their work.
not mentioned directly

18.        The author suggests which of the following about art historians?
(A) They do not believe that illusionist tricks have become trivial.
That the discoveries and effects of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I would not deny for a moment.
the author only mentioned he believe this.
(B) They generally spend little time studying contemporary artists.
(C) They have not given enough consideration to how the representation of nature has become commonplace.
relative sentence: The very reason why the representation of nature can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to art historians.
should be infers that those art historians did not do this.
(D) They generally tend to argue about theories rather than address substantive issues.
(E) They are less likely than art critics to study comics or advertisements.


19.        Which of the following best states the author’s attitude toward comics, as expressed in the passage?
(A) They constitute an innovative art form.
not mentioned
(B) They can be a worthwhile subject for study.
I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call “pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for thought.
(C) They are critically important to an understanding of modem art.
not mentioned understanding of modern art
(D) Their visual structure is more complex than that of medieval art.
not mentioned the structure but the techniques are more complex
(E) They can be understood best if they are examined in conjunction with advertisements.


20.        The author’s statement regarding how artists use the language of art (lines 48-52) implies that
(A) artists are better equipped than are art historians to provide detailed evaluations of other artists’ work
(B) many artists have an unusually quick, intuitive understanding of language
not mentioned artist's understanding of language
(C) artists can produce works of art even if they cannot analyze their methods of doing so
relative sentence: except to artists, who use it as we use all language—without needing to know its grammar and semantics.
(D) artists of the past, such as Giotto, were better educated about artistic issues than were artists of the author’s time
not mentioned this comparison, the author only compare Giotto with those who produce advertisement thing
(E) most artists probably consider the processes involved in their work to be closely akin to those involved in writing poetry
not mentioned

21.        The passage asserts which of the following about commercial art?
(A) There are many examples of commercial art whose artistic merit is equal to that of great works of art of the past.
(B) Commercial art is heavily influenced by whatever doctrines are fashionable in the serious art world of the time.
(C) The line between commercial art and great art lies primarily in how an image is used, not in the motivation for its creation.
not mentioned
(D) The level of technical skill required to produce representational imagery in commercial art and in other kinds of art cannot be compared.
wrong, commercial's are more complex
(E) The pervasiveness of contemporary commercial art has led art historians to undervalue representational skills.
right: The very reason why the representation of nature can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to art historians. + But I think that the victory and vulgarization of representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics.

22.        Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the adherents of “certain theories of nonrepresentational art” (lines 9-10)?
(A) They consider the use of illusion to be inappropriate in contemporary art.
relative sentence: I must emphasize that I am not making a plea, disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although I am, in fact, rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art.
The author don't argue against the using of illusionist tricks, but refute nonrepresentational art, so the latter must be opposite to the former.
(B) They do not agree that marks on a flat surface can ever satisfactorily convey the illusion of three-dimensional space.
not relevant
(C) They do not discuss important works of art created in the past.
not relevant
(D) They do not think that the representation of nature was ever the primary goal of past painters.
not mentioned primary goal
(E) They concern themselves more with types of art such as advertisements and magazine illustrations than with traditional art.
not mentioned this comparison

23.        It can be inferred from the passage that someone who wanted to analyze the “grammar and semantics” (line 52) of the language of art would most appropriately comment on which of the following?
(A) The relationship between the drawings in a comic strip and the accompanying text
(B) The amount of detail that can be included in a tiny illustration on a postage stamp
(C) The sociological implications of the images chosen to advertise a particular product
(D) The degree to which various colors used in different versions of the same poster would attract the attention of passersby
may be the aim of attracting attention is not in grammar category
(E) The particular juxtaposition of shapes in an illustration that makes one shape look as though it were behind another
this is how to art, like how to organize a sentence

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

wfxmfwjw 发表于 2015-5-21 00:05
520
阅读9302,9304,9310,9402.
感觉如果单词没有一个更高的熟悉程度，正确率和速度都很难提升了。

恩恩单词量是基础啊！
我快被阅读速度的问题虐疯了T_T

wfxmfwjwUID: 3582171

521
阅读9404，9410，9504,9510
填空陈填5个。
单词1000

感觉阅读到了瓶颈期，希望奇迹快点出现！！！

lz不要慌，阅读都会有瓶颈期的，每天读一些，应该会有进步的。加油，我看好你呦······

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

wfxmfwjw 发表于 2015-5-22 01:16
521
阅读9404，9410，9504,9510
填空陈填5个。

你也瓶颈期啦T_T
现在正确率怎样？

明天周六我要奋斗一整天！！！
欢迎监督~~

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.22 schedule supervision

9:40-10:30 revising LSAT
11:00-11:40 reciting word

13:30-15:00 writing argument


---------------------
12:30-13:00 RC
13:00-13:30 revising RC

14:30-15:30 RC
15:30-16:30 revising RC

17:00-18:00 the economist

wfxmfwjwUID: 3582171

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-5-22 11:37
你也瓶颈期啦T_T
现在正确率怎样？

第一遍老g阅读快刷完了，但正确率基本平均到70%。有的错的多有的错的少。时间也没有变快多少。看来要刷第二遍了

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.22 comprehension note!

For some time scientists have believed that cholesterol plays a major role in heart disease because people with familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect, have six to eight times the normal level of cholesterol in their blood and they invariably develop heart disease. These people lack cell-surface receptors for low-density lipoproteins (LDL’s), which are the fundamental carriers of blood cholesterol to the body cells that use cholesterol. Without an adequate number of cell-surface receptors to remove LDL’s from the blood, the cholesterol-carrying LDL’s remain in the blood, increasing blood cholesterol levels. Scientists also noticed that people with familial hypercholesterolemia appear to produce more LDL’s than normal individuals. How, scientists wondered, could a genetic mutation that causes a slowdown in the removal of LDL’s from the blood also result in an increase in the synthesis of this cholesterol-carrying protein?
Since scientists could not experiment on human body tissue, their knowledge of familial hypercholesterolemia was severely limited. However, a breakthrough came in the laboratories of Yoshio Watanabe of Kobe University in Japan in 1980. Watanabe noticed that a male rabbit in his colony had ten times the normal concentration of cholesterol in its blood. By appropriate breeding, Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that had very high cholesterol levels. These rabbits spontaneously developed heart disease. To his surprise, Watanabe further found that the rabbits, like humans with familial hypercholesterolemia, lacked LDL receptors. Thus, scientists could study these Watanabe rabbits to gain a better understanding of familial hypercholesterolemia in humans.
Prior to the breakthrough at Kobe University, it was known that LDL’s are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor, called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL’s), which carry triglycerides as well as relatively small amounts of cholesterol. The triglycerides are removed from the VLDL’s by fatty and other tissues. What remains is a remnant particle that must be removed from the blood. What scientists learned by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor. Normally, the majority of the VLDL remnants go to the liver where they bind to LDL receptors and are degraded. In the Watanabe rabbit, due to a lack of LDL receptors on liver cells, the VLDL remnants remain in the blood and are eventually converted to LDL’s. The LDL receptors thus have a dual effect in controlling LDL levels. They are necessary to prevent oversynthesis of LDL’s from VLDL remnants and they are necessary for the normal removal of LDL’s from the blood. With this knowledge, scientists are now well on the way toward developing drugs that dramatically lower cholesterol levels in people afflicted with certain forms of familial hypercholesterolemia.

17.        In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
(A) presenting a hypothesis and describing compelling evidence in support of it
not hypothesis, but explanation
(B) raising a question and describing an important discovery that led to an answer
right
(C) showing that a certain genetically caused disease can be treated effectively with drugs
not the motif
(D) explaining what causes the genetic mutation that leads to heart disease
not mentioned
(E) discussing the importance of research on animals for the study of human disease
narrow the scope

18.        Which of the following drugs, if developed, would most likely be an example of the kind of drug mentioned in line 53?
(A) A drug that stimulates the production of VLDL remnants
contradict
(B) A drug that stimulates the production of LDL receptors on the liver
right
(C) A drug that stimulates the production of an enzyme needed for cholesterol production
not mentioned and not relative
(D) A drug that suppresses the production of body cells that use cholesterol
not relative
(E) A drug that prevents triglycerides from attaching to VLDL’s
contradict

19.        The passage supplies information to answer which of the following questions?
(A) Which body cells are the primary users of cholesterol?
(B) How did scientists discover that LDL’s are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor?
(C) Where in the body are VLDL remnants degraded?
Normally, the majority of the VLDL remnants go to the liver where they bind to LDL receptors and are degraded.
(D) Which body tissues produce triglycerides?
(E) What techniques are used to determine the presence or absence of cell-surface receptors?

20.        According to the passage, by studying the Watanabe rabbits scientists learned that
(A) VLDL remnants are removed from the blood by LDL receptors in the liver
What scientists learned by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor.
(B) LDL’s are secreted from the liver in the form of precursors called VLDL’s
(C) VLDL remnant particles contain small amounts of cholesterol
(D) triglycerides are removed from VLDL’s by fatty tissues
(E) LDL receptors remove LDL’s from the blood

21.        The development of drug treatments for some forms of familial hypercholesterolemia is regarded by the author as
(A) possible, but not very important
wrong
(B) interesting, but too costly to be practical
not mentioned the expense
(C) promising, but many years off
not mentioned the time
(D) extremely unlikely
wrong
(E) highly probable
scientists are now well on the way toward
on the way suggests an optimistic attitude

22.        The passage implies that if the Watanabe rabbits had had as many LDL receptors on their livers as do normal rabbits, the Watanabe rabbits would have been
(A) less likely than normal rabbits to develop heart disease
not less likely, but equal likely
(B) less likely than normal rabbits to develop high concentrations of cholesterol in their blood
not less likely, but equal likely
(C) less useful than they actually were to scientists in the study of familial hypercholesterolemia in humans
right
(D) unable to secrete VLDL’s from their livers
not mentioned
(E) immune to drugs that lower cholesterol levels in people with certain forms of familial hypercholesterolemia
not mentioned

I merely did this wrong. After close scrutiny toward the phrase less likely than normal, I did it right, good job!

23.        The passage implies that Watanabe rabbits differ from normal rabbits in which of the following ways?
(A) Watanabe rabbits have more LDL receptors than do normal rabbits.
contradict
(B) The blood of Watanabe rabbits contains more VLDL remnants than does the blood of normal rabbits.
right: Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that had very high cholesterol levels. These rabbits spontaneously developed heart disease.
due to a lack of LDL receptors on liver cells, the VLDL remnants remain in the blood and are eventually converted to LDL’s
Without an adequate number of cell-surface receptors to remove LDL’s from the blood, the cholesterol-carrying LDL’s remain in the blood, increasing blood cholesterol levels.
so they must have more VLDL remnants
(C) Watanabe rabbits have fewer fatty tissues than do normal rabbits.
not mentioned
(D) Watanabe rabbits secrete lower levels of VLDL’s than do normal rabbits.
not mentioned
(E) The blood of Watanabe rabbits contains fewer LDL’s than does the blood of normal rabbits.
contradict

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.22 comprehension note!

Zooplankton, tiny animals adapted to an existence in the ocean, have evolved clever mechanisms for obtaining their food, miniscule phytoplankton (plant plankton). A very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture and concentrate phytoplankton. The balloon, a transparent structure that varies in design according to the type of appendicularian in habiting it, also protects the animal and helps to keep it afloat. Water containing phytoplankton is pumped by the appendicularian’s muscular tail into the balloon’s incurrent filters, passes through the feeding filter where the appendicularian sucks the food into its mouth, and then goes through an exit passage. Found in all the oceans of the world, including the Arctic Ocean, appendicularians tend to remain near the water’s surface where the density of phytoplankton is greatest.
17.        It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of appendicularians?
(A) They are exclusively carnivorous.
(B) They have more than one method of obtaining food.
(C) They can tolerate frigid water.
(D) They can disguise themselves by secreting mucus.
(E) They are more sensitive to light than are other zooplankton.
18.        The author is primarily concerned with
(A) explaining how appendicularians obtain food
(B) examining the flotation methods of appendicularians
(C) mapping the distribution of appendicularians around the world
(D) describing how appendicularians differ from other zooplankton
(E) comparing the various types of balloons formed by appendicularians
19.        According to the passage, all of the following are descriptive of appendicularians EXCEPT:
(A) tailed
(B) vegetarian
(C) small-sized
(D) single-celled
(E) ocean-dwelling
20.        The passage suggests that appendicularians tend to remain in surface waters because they
(A) prefer the warmer water near the surface
(B) are unable to secrete mucus at the lower levels of the ocean
(C) use the contrast of light and shadow at the surface to hide from predators
(D) live in balloons that cannot withstand he water pressure deeper in the ocean
(E) eat food that grows more profusely near the surface

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.22 comprehension note!

Zooplankton, tiny animals adapted to an existence in the ocean, have evolved clever mechanisms for obtaining their food, miniscule phytoplankton (plant plankton). A very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture and concentrate phytoplankton. The balloon, a transparent structure that varies in design according to the type of appendicularian in habiting it, also protects the animal and helps to keep it afloat. Water containing phytoplankton is pumped by the appendicularian’s muscular tail into the balloon’s incurrent filters, passes through the feeding filter where the appendicularian sucks the food into its mouth, and then goes through an exit passage. Found in all the oceans of the world, including the Arctic Ocean, appendicularians tend to remain near the water’s surface where the density of phytoplankton is greatest.

17.        It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of appendicularians?
(A) They are exclusively carnivorous.
(B) They have more than one method of obtaining food.
(C) They can tolerate frigid water.
Found in all the oceans of the world, including the Arctic Ocean
the author mentions the Arctic Ocean additionally, for he wants to emphasize the difference among Arctic Ocean and other oceans which is Arctic Ocean located in most northern part of the earth
(D) They can disguise themselves by secreting mucus.
(E) They are more sensitive to light than are other zooplankton.

I did this wrong because firstly I don't know Arctic, and secondly I ignore the intention of the author to additionally mention Arctic Ocean

18.        The author is primarily concerned with
(A) explaining how appendicularians obtain food
right
(B) examining the flotation methods of appendicularians
not the point
(C) mapping the distribution of appendicularians around the world
no mapping
(D) describing how appendicularians differ from other zooplankton
not mentioned the differences
(E) comparing the various types of balloons formed by appendicularians
no comparing

19.        According to the passage, all of the following are descriptive of appendicularians EXCEPT:
(A) tailed
appendicularian’s muscular tail
(B) vegetarian
obtaining their food, miniscule phytoplankton (plant plankton)
(C) small-sized
Zooplankton, tiny animals
(D) single-celled
(E) ocean-dwelling
an existence in the ocean

20.        The passage suggests that appendicularians tend to remain in surface waters because they
(A) prefer the warmer water near the surface
(B) are unable to secrete mucus at the lower levels of the ocean
(C) use the contrast of light and shadow at the surface to hide from predators
(D) live in balloons that cannot withstand he water pressure deeper in the ocean
(E) eat food that grows more profusely near the surface
appendicularians tend to remain near the water’s surface where the density of phytoplankton is greatest.

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.22 comprehension note!
second time reading, but I was abstracted and did a lot question incorrectly.

Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls to maintain constant body temperature (in humans, 37℃). Why then during sickness should temperature rise, apparently increasing stress on the infected organism? It has long been known that the level of serum iron in animals falls during infection. Garibaldi first suggested a relationship between fever and iron. He found that microbial synthesis of siderophores—substances that bind iron—in bacteria of the genus Salmonella declined at environmental temperatures above 37℃ and stopped at 40.3℃. Thus, fever would make it more difficult for an infecting bacterium to acquire iron and thus to multiply. Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis because their body temperature can be controlled in the laboratory. Kluger reported that of iguanas infected with the potentially lethal bacterium A. hydrophilia, more survived at temperatures of 42℃ than at 37℃, even though healthy animals prefer the lower temperature. When animals at 42℃ were injected with an iron solution, however, mortality rates increased significantly. Research to determine whether similar phenomena occur in warm-blooded animals is sorely needed.

24.        The passage is primarily concerned with attempts to determine
(A) the role of siderophores in the synthesis of serum iron
(B) new treatments for infections that are caused by A. hydrophilia
(C) the function of fever in warm-blooded animals
right: Why then during sickness should temperature rise
(D) the mechanisms that ensure constant body temperature
(E) iron utilization in cold-blooded animals

25.        According to the passage, Garibaldi determined which of the following?
(A) That serum iron is produced through microbial synthesis.
(B) That microbial synthesis of siderophores in warm-blooded animals is more efficient at higher temperatures.
(C) That only iron bound to other substances can be used by bacteria.
(D) That there is a relationship between the synthesis of siderophores in bacteria of the genus Salmonella and environmental temperature.
Garibaldi first suggested a relationship between fever and iron.
(E) That bacteria of the genus Salmonella require iron as a nutrient.

26.        Which of the following can be inferred about warm-blooded animals solely on the basis of information in the passage?
(A) The body temperatures of warm-blooded animals cannot be easily controlled in the laboratory.
right: Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis because their body temperature can be controlled in the laboratory.
the choice suggests the opposite condition
(B) Warm-blooded animals require more iron in periods of stress than they do at other times.
(C) Warm-blooded animals are more comfortable at an environmental temperature of 37℃ than they are at a temperature of 42℃.
one word wrong, though healthy animals prefer the lower temperature.
not warm-blooded animals
(D) In warm-blooded animals, bacteria are responsible for the production of siderophores, which, in turn, make iron available to the animal.
(E) In warm-blooded animals, infections that lead to fever are usually traceable to bacteria.

27.        If it were to be determined that “similar phenomena occur in warm-blooded animals” (lines 21-22), which of the following, assuming each is possible, is likely to be the most effective treatment for warm-blooded animals with bacterial infections?
(A) Administering a medication that lowers the animals’ body temperature
contradict
(B) Injecting the animals with an iron solution
wrong, When animals at 42℃ were injected with an iron solution, however, mortality rates increased significantly
(C) Administering a medication that makes serum iron unavailable to bacteria
right: Thus, fever would make it more difficult for an infecting bacterium to acquire iron and thus to multiply.
(D) Providing the animals with reduced-iron diets
not mentioned
(E) Keeping the animals in an environment with temperatures higher than 37℃
wrong

I did this wrong because I didn't read the passage careful enough to find the detail information about iron solution