有木有潜伏在G版的托福党啊，寻找托福口语小伙伴啊！！

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.14 comprehension note!

Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions. At least so argues E. Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850.
Pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class. Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made, but had inherited family fortunes. In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser ones. Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increased its share until by 1850 it owned half of the community’s wealth. Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eighteenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization.
25.        According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:
(A) They formed a distinct upper class.
(B) Many of them were able to increase their holdings.
(C) Some of them worked as professionals or in business.
(D) Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.
relative sentence: Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made
C is right, D is wrong
(E) Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial upheavals.

I did this wrong because I didn't read the passage again carefully and just chose the answer based on memory!

26.        The author’s attitude toward Pessen’s presentation of statistics can be best described as
(A) disapproving
(B) shocked
(C) suspicious
(D) amused
(E) laudatory
relative sentence: Pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics
Refreshingly is a positive word, so the attitude should be positive, too.
amused is not serious, and there is no funny as well. so E right

I did this wrong because I mysteriously presumed a "not" between does and present(⊙﹏⊙)b

27.        Which of the following best states the author’s main point?
(A) Pessen’s study has overturned the previously established view of the social and economic structure of early nineteenth-century America.
(B) Tocqueville’s analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this period.
(C) Pessen’s study is valuable primarily because it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth century.
(D) The social patterns and political power of the extremely wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 are well documented.
(E) Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic system in the United States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are incorrect.
right, the last sentence states the limitation.

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.14 comprehension note ！
11‘07“
reading:6'46" (after analysis, it turns out that this is a pretty easy passage. Thus I should read it faster)
questions: around 1'05" of each one

Originally, scientists predicted small asteroids to be hard and rocky, as any loose surface material (called regolith) generated by impacts was expected to escape their weak gravity. Aggregate small bodies were not thought to exist, because the slightest sustained relative motion would cause them to separate. But observations and computer modeling are proving otherwise. Most asteroids larger than a kilometer are now believed to be composites of smaller pieces. Those imaged at high-resolution show evidence for copious regolith despite the weak gravity. Most of them have one or more extraordinarily large craters, some of which are wider than the mean radius of the whole body. Such colossal impacts would not just gouge out a crater—they would break any monolithic body into pieces. In short, asteroids larger than a kilometer across may look like nuggets of hard rock but are more likely to be aggregate assemblages—or even piles of loose rubble so pervasively fragmented that no solid bedrock is left.

Originally suggests the following view is from the past and thus probably derelict. The shift mark -- But -- corroborate it.
                                                                                      
The rubble hypothesis, proposed decades ago by scientists, lacked evidence, until the planetologist Shoemaker realized that the huge craters on the asteroid Mathilde and its very low density could only make sense together: a porous body such as a rubble pile can withstand a battering much better than an integral object. It will absorb and dissipate a large fraction of the energy of an impact; the far side might hardly feel a thing. At first, the rubble hypothesis may appear conceptually troublesome. The material strength of an asteroid is nearly zero, and the gravity is so low one is tempted to neglect that too. The truth is neither strength nor gravity can be ignored. Paltry though it may be, gravity binds a rubble pile together. And anybody who builds sandcastles knows that even loose debris can cohere. Oft-ignored details of motion begin to matter: sliding friction, chemical bonding, damping of kinetic energy, etc. We are just beginning to fathom the subtle interplay of these minuscule forces.

The size of an asteroid should determine which force dominates. One indication is the observed pattern of asteroidal rotation rates. Some collisions cause an asteroid to spin faster; others slow it down. If asteroids are monolithic rocks undergoing random collisions, a graph of their rotation rates should show a bell-shaped distribution with a statistical “tail” of very fast rotators. If nearly all asteroids are rubble piles, however, this tail would be missing, because any rubble pile spinning faster than once every two or three hours would fly apart. Recently, several astronomers discovered that all but five observed asteroids obey a strict rotation limit. The exceptions are all smaller than about 150 meters in diameter, with an abrupt cutoff for asteroids larger than 200 meters. The evident conclusion—that asteroids larger than 200 meters across are rubble piles—agrees with recent computer modeling of collisions. A collision can blast a large asteroid to bits, but those bits will usually be moving slower than their mutual escape velocity (the lowest velocity that a body must have in order to escape the orbit of a planet). Over several hours, gravity will reassemble all but the fastest pieces into a rubble pile.

1.The example of the sandcastle (in the second paragraph) serves to

A.invalidate Shoemaker’s initial observation
B.offer an alternative hypothesis for an observed phenomenon
C.describe a condition in which the typical laws of the universe do not obtain
D.provide support for the rubble-pile hypothesis
relative sentence: The truth is neither strength nor gravity can be ignored. Paltry though it may be, gravity binds a rubble pile together. And anybody who builds sandcastles knows that even loose debris can cohere
E.present as instance in which gravity has little effect

2.According to the rubble-pile hypothesis, an advantage conferred on an asteroid held together by weak forces is that it is

A.unlikely to fall apart over a long period of time
B.more amenable to computer modeling
C.less susceptible to powerful impacts
relative sentence: a porous body such as a rubble pile can withstand a battering much better than an integral object
D.not likely to collide with another object
E.more readily observed by astronomers

3.The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.refute an unconventional theory regarding asteroid collisions
not unconventional, but formal theory
B.express doubt regarding the validity of evidence offered up by several notable astronomers
first, not doubt, second, this is only a little part of the passage
C.explain how earlier evidence used to describe an aspect of asteroids was misleading
no earlier evidence
D.explore common features of an asteroid in order to provide support for a theory
narrow the scope, to support the theory is just a part of the passage
E.discuss how one explanation of an astronomical phenomenon is most likely correct
right, the explanation is the rubble-pile hypothesis, and the attitude is to support this hypothesis with the words like agree with

I did this wrong, because I ignore to analyze the structure and the topic sentence of each paragraph to see the motif

4.The reason that graphs of asteroid rotation rates lack the expected statistical tail associated with high rotational rates is that

A.the greater the speed in which an asteroid spins the more likely it is to cohere
not mentioned this theory can apply to all asteroids
B.the weak forces in asteroids displaying such a high rotational rate would not be able to
contradict
C.prevent the asteroid from falling apart
relative sentence: If nearly all asteroids are rubble piles, however, this tail would be missing, because any rubble pile spinning faster than once every two or three hours would fly apart.
if with the tail, ti would flay apart. So the function of lacking the tail is to keep it from falling apart
D.asteroids are not being subjected to a uniform distribution of random collisions
E.most monolithic asteroids, upon colliding with other asteroids, are able to sustain such a high rate of rotation
for the most part, the asteroids surveyed were less than 150 meters in diameter and thus far less likely to be rubble-piles, which are better able to sustain the impact from collisions

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.16 paragraph arguments note!

Scientists have created double-blind studies so that neither the subjects of the experiment nor scientists know whether a patient is receiving an actual drug or a placebo, which is nothing more than a sugar pill. Essentially, if one knows that one is receiving an actual pill, such knowledge can affect the outcome of a study. A recent study on the effectiveness of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Freloxamine on depression found that those subjects administered the drug were 15% more likely to have a decrease in symptoms than the control group, which was comprised of those who received a placebo. Since neither group knew which they were receiving, the placebo or the SSRI inhibitor, the observed drop in depression can only be attributed to Freloxamine.

The first sentence serves as an example to prove that the inference has evidence.
The assumption is obviously that when people don't know which kind of things had they eaten, the results tends to be more accurate.
So to calls the argument into question, we need to prove that people actually know which kind of things did they eat. B is.

1.Which of the following, if true, best calls into question the conclusion of the argument?

A.Neither the patients nor the doctors in either group (the control group or the Freloxamine group) knew which drug they were receiving.
B.Since patients in both groups were debriefed on the potential side effects of SSRI, which can often be pronounced, many in the Freloxamine group, upon exhibiting side effects, concluded that they were being administered the SSRI.
C.Freloxamine does not exhibit a uniform effect in all patients, with many reporting little improvement in symptoms of depression, even after several months of taking the drug.
D.At dosages two-fold of those employed in the trial, Freloxamine has been shown to cause brief episodes of psychosis.
E.One subject from the Freloxamine group experienced debilitating side effects and was forced to drop out of the trial before its completion.


The Green Peas Grocery Store in the remote wealthy enclave of Luxville charges more than the Green Peas Grocery Store in Oak City charges for the same items. Clearly, on any given item, the Green Peas grocery franchise is taking advantage of its location in Luxville to reap higher profits on that item.

The paragraph only considers the income differences of the two stores. Thus to evaluate its validity, we should compare the expense of the two stores, which is B

1.In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to compare

A.the selection of specialty items in the Oak City location with the selection of specialty items in the Luxville location
B.the cost of transporting merchandise to the Oak City location with the comparable cost to the Luxville location
C.the average cost of the same or comparable items at other grocery stores in Oak City with the average cost at other stores in Luxville
D.The percent of average household income spent on groceries in Oak City with the comparable percentage in Luxville
E.The cost of these items in Oak City and in Luxville with the cost at other Green Peas stores throughout the state.

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.16 comprehension note!

reading: 6'01''
question: 3'26''
I spent most time on reading, including passage and questions. speed up comprehension velocity!

One reason we are able to recognize speech, despite all the acoustic variation in the signal, and even in very difficult listening conditions, is that the speech situation contains a great deal of redundancy—more information than is strictly necessary to decode the message. There is, firstly, our general ability to make predictions about the nature of speech, based on our previous linguistic experience—our knowledge of the speakers, subject matter, language, and so on. But in addition, the wide range of frequencies found in every signal presents us with far more information than we need in order to recognize what is being said. As a result, we are able to focus our auditory attention on just the relevant distinguishing features of the signal—features that have come to be known as acoustic cues.

What are these cues, and how can we prove their role in the perception of speech? It is not possible to obtain this information simply by carrying out an acoustic analysis of natural speech: this would tell us what acoustic information is present but not what features of the signal are actually used by listeners in order to identify speech sounds. The best an acoustic description can do is give us a rough idea as to what a cue might be. But to learn about listener’s perception, we need a different approach.

1.The primary purpose of the passage is to

A.recommend a particular means of learning about a complex phenomenon
The passage only states that an acoustic description is not sufficient, but stopped at mentioning another particular mean
B.point out the shortcomings in a line of research
not mentioned shortcomings of the research
C.explain a process and discuss why one approach will not yield desirable results
better than other choice, so it has to be the right answer.
"we need a different approach." talking about not yield desirable results.
D.prescribe an approach to understand with greater specificity a physiological process
not mentioned physiological process
E.warn researchers against relying on a specific methodology
right, relative sentence: The best an acoustic description can do is give us a rough idea as to what a cue might be
but narrow the scope

2.The first paragraph of the passage implies which of the following concerning sound and communication?

A.A lack of redundancy in certain signals does not preclude communication.
contradict, it is the redundancy which makes us able to recognize speech
B.The excess of sound encoded in speech serves as an encumbrance to the exchange of information.
contradict, same as A
C.Many features of a sound can be lost without necessarily compromising communication between two speakers.
right, our general ability to make predictions about the nature of speech, based on our previous linguistic experience—our knowledge of the speakers, subject matter, language, and so on.
D.The human processing of acoustic sound does not depend on contextual factors.
contradict to C, the opposite of the main point
E.Some languages depend on social cues in order for speakers to be mutually intelligible.
not mentioned social cues, only acoustic cues.

3.The main reason that the author of the passage discounts using a purely acoustic analysis to understand the way in which humans are able to recognize sounds is that
relative sentence: It is not possible to obtain this information simply by carrying out an acoustic analysis of natural speech: this would tell us what acoustic information is present but not what features of the signal are actually used by listeners in order to identify speech sounds.
A.the physical properties of speech and the perception of those physical properties are qualitatively different
but not = different
B.redundancy, or the excess of information, typically ensures that a signal is faithfully transmitted between two speakers
not relative
C.no two people process the same cue in exactly the same way
not relative
D.the relevant distinguishing features of a sound tend to merge different cues into a generalized sound so as to render any analysis ineffectual
contradict, no generalized sound
E.humans ignore certain features of the acoustic sound that may figure prominently into the perception of sound
not mentioned and not relative as well

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.17 comprehension note!

In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.
Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs—societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek “historian” of the fifth century B. C., who speaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle.
Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact—real Amazonian societies—but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women’s rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices.

the author puts his conclusion in the next paragraph. So don't be confused with the structure and the function of the last sentence in paragraph 3

Thus, I would argue, the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quo, in which groups composed exclusively of either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in his reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills, and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.

21.        The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) compare competing new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societies
no new approaches
(B) investigate the ramifications of Bachofen’s theory about the dominance of women in ancient societies
no ramification
(C) explain the burgeoning interest among historians in determining the actual status of women in various societies
narrow the scope
(D) analyze the nature of Amazonian society and uncover similarities between it and the Greek world
narrow the scope
(E) criticize the value of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies
I can simply use verb to choose. The first paragraph shows the author's opposition towards some earlier scholarship. criticize matches best.

22.        All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT:
(A) partial completeness
fragmentary,
(B) restricted accessibility
wrong(mix), the restricted in the passage is used to describe the quantity, not accessibility
(C) difficulty of interpretation
difficult to interpret,
(D) limited quantity
sources are restricted in number,
(E) tendency toward contradiction
and often contradictory.

23.        Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the myths recorded by the ancient Greeks?
I.        They sometimes included portrayals of women holding positions of power.
relative sentence: A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle.
this indicates kind of power
II.        They sometimes contained elaborate explanations of inheritance customs.
not mentioned inheritance
III.        They comprise almost all of the material available to historians about ancient Greece.
not mentioned directly, while the last sentence tends to be contradict with this view
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

24.        Which of the following is presented in the passage as evidence supporting the author’s view of the ancient Greeks’ descriptions of the Amazons?
(A) The requirement that Sauromatae women kill in battle before marrying
(B) The failure of historians to verify that women were ever governors of ancient societies
(C) The classing of Amazons with giants and centaurs
relative sentence: for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs,
Thus, I would argue, the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic
(D) The well-established unreliability of Herodotus as a source of information about ancient societies
(E) The recent discovery of ancient societies with matrilineal customs

25.        It can be inferred from the passage that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best characterized as
(A) confused and dismayed
(B) wary and hostile
relative sentence: their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous.
destructive and dangerous suggests a strong negative attitude.
(C) cynical and disinterested
(D) curious but fearful
(E) excited but anxious

26.        The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofen’s work is that
(A) feminists have shown little interest in ancient societies
(B) Bachofen’s knowledge of Amazonian culture is unparalleled
(C) reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquire
relative sentence: Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons
(D) ancient societies show the best evidence of women in positions of power
(E) historians have been primarily interested in the modern period

27.        The author’s attitude toward Bachofen’s treatise is best described as one of
(A) qualified approval
(B) profound ambivalence
(C) studied neutrality
(D) pointed disagreement
relative sentence: Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons
so the attitude must be negative, but no offence which means E is wrong.
(E) unmitigated hostility

wfxmfwjwUID: 3582171

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-5-16 20:42
2015.5.17 plan
6:00 wake up
6:00-6:10 wash

我也会排一个很满的schedule，但现实都是残酷的，安慰一下

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

wfxmfwjw 发表于 2015-5-17 11:22
我也会排一个很满的schedule，但现实都是残酷的，安慰一下

强烈希望发给我帖子里激励一下我，看我的realityT_T这堕落的，都想自残了。。。

wfxmfwjwUID: 3582171

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-5-17 11:30
强烈希望发给我帖子里激励一下我，看我的realityT_T这堕落的，都想自残了。。。

同有拖延症和自由散漫的问题，所以就先报了名考试。本身基础不好，如果lz不嫌弃，我可以把每天完成情况写在这，我们相互监督鼓励一下。
5-17，
阅读no9-4,9-5,9-6，
填空陈圣元4个，本来计划多做一些的，结果周末节目太多，不应该啊
单词争取扫1000.
明天一定会更好的，加油

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

wfxmfwjw 发表于 2015-5-17 23:58
同有拖延症和自由散漫的问题，所以就先报了名考试。本身基础不好，如果lz不嫌弃，我可以把每天完成情况写 ...

灰常灰常欢迎！！！！！！互相监督鼓励！！！！！加油加油！！！！

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.17 comprehension note!

Traditional research has confronted only Mexican and United States interpretations of Mexican-American culture. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people—a charter minority on our own land.
When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they intermarried with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians. This policy of colonization through acculturation was continued when Mexico acquired Texas in the early 1800’s and brought the indigenous Indians into Mexican life and government. In the 1820’s, United States citizens migrated to Texas, attracted by land suitable for cotton. As their numbers became more substantial, their policy of acquiring land by subduing native populations began to dominate. The two ideologies clashed repeatedly, culminating in a military conflict that led to victory for the United States. Thus, suddenly deprived of our parent culture, we had to evolve uniquely Mexican-American modes of thought and action in order to survive.

17.        The author’s purpose in writing this passage is primarily to
(A) suggest the motives behind Mexican and United States intervention in Texas
(B) document certain early objectives of Mexican-American society
not the motif
(C) provide a historical perspective for a new analysis of Mexican-American culture
we must also = a new analysis
(D) appeal to both Mexican and United States scholars to give greater consideration to economic interpretations of history
(E) bring to light previously overlooked research on Mexican Americans
not mentioned overlooked directly, so this one is worse than C

18.        The author most probably uses the phrase “charter minority” (lines 6-7) to reinforce the idea that Mexican Americans
(A) are a native rather than an immigrant group in the United States
right, from a sovereign people to a charter minority
(B) played an active political role when Texas first became part of the United States
not mentioned political role
(C) recognized very early in the nineteenth century the need for official confirmation of their rights of citizenship
not mentioned this recognizance
(D) have been misunderstood by scholars trying to interpret their culture
not misunderstood, but ignore
(E) identify more closely with their Indian heritage than with their Spanish heritage
not mentioned heritage

19.        According to the passage, a major difference between the colonization policy of the United States and that of Mexico in Texas in the 1800’s was the
(A) degree to which policies were based on tradition
not mentioned
(B) form of economic interdependency between different cultural groups
not mentioned
(C) number of people who came to settle new areas
not mentioned exactly
(D) treatment of the native inhabitants
spanish: When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they intermarried with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians
Us: their policy of acquiring land by subduing native populations began to dominate
(E) relationship between the military and the settlers
not mentioned spanish one

20.        Which of the following statements most clearly contradicts the information in this passage?
(A) In the early 1800’s, the Spanish committed more resources to settling California than to developing Texas.
not mentioned
(B) While Texas was under Mexican control, the population of Texas quadrupled, in spite of the fact that Mexico discouraged immigration from the United States.
not mentioned
(C) By the time Mexico acquired Texas, many Indians had already married people of Spanish heritage.
in accord with the passage
(D) Many Mexicans living in Texas returned to Mexico after Texas was annexed by the United States.
not mentioned
(E) Most Indians living in Texas resisted Spanish acculturation and were either killed or enslaved.
relative sentence: When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they intermarried with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians
Thus the relationship between two nations should be friendly instead of hostile.

I did this wrong because I ignore "contradict" and go find the choice that are in accord with the passage

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.17 comprehension note!

Throughout human history there have been many stringent taboos concerning watching other people eat or eating in the presence of others. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging. Undoubtedly such elements exist in the taboos, but there is an additional element with a much more fundamental importance. In prehistoric times, when food was so precious and the on-lookers so hungry, not to offer half of the little food one had was unthinkable, since every glance was a plea for life. Further, during those times, people existed in nuclear or extended family groups, and the sharing of food was quite literally supporting one’s family or, by extension, preserving one’s self.

23.        If the argument in the passage is valid, taboos against eating in the presence of others who are not also eating would be LEAST likely in a society that
(A) had always had a plentiful supply of food
contradict to: In prehistoric times, when food was so precious and the on-lookers so hungry
(B) emphasized the need to share worldly goods
may be possible
(C) had a nomadic rather than an agricultural way of life
not mentioned, may be possible
(D) emphasized the value of privacy
may be possible
(E) discouraged overindulgence
may be possible

24.        The author’s hypothesis concerning the origin of taboos against watching other people eat emphasizes the
(A) general palatability of food
not mentioned
(B) religious significance of food
not mentioned
(C) limited availability of food
right
(D) various sources of food
contradict
(E) nutritional value of food
not mentioned

25.        According to the passage, the author believes that past attempts to explain some taboos concerning eating are
(A) unimaginative
(B) implausible
(C) inelegant
(D) incomplete
Undoubtedly such elements exist in the taboos, but there is an additional element
(E) unclear

26.        In developing the main idea of the passage, the author does which of the following?
(A) Downplays earlier attempts to explain the origins of a social prohibition.
right, the first and second sentence
(B) Adapts a scientific theory and applies it to a spiritual relationship.
no scientific theory
(C) Simplifies a complex biological phenomenon by explaining it in terms of social needs.
no biological phenomenon
(D) Reorganizes a system designed to guide personal behavior.
no system
(E) Codifies earlier, unsystematized conjectures about family life.
no codifying

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.18 comprehension note!
The content of this passage is foreign to me thus I didn't understand it thoroughly. Read careful again!

The recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women’s assignments(eventually suggests a prognosis), but probably not the dramatic gains for women that might have been expected(but leads the shortcomings of the change). This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work.(This sentence emphasize the condition under which the gains still could not be reached) The difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct combat operations.(explanation) A significant portion of the larger society remains uncomfortable as yet with extending equality in this direction.(explanation) Therefore, for women in the military, the search for equality will still be based on functional equivalence(the search for equality is the dramatic gains which women expect), not identity or even similarity of task. Opportunities seem certain to arise.(another prognosis) The growing emphasis on deterrence is bound to offer increasing scope for women to become involved in novel types of noncombat military assignments.


17.        The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) present an overview of the different types of assignments available to women in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces
narrow the scope.(different types refer to combat and noncombat military assignments)
(B) present a reasoned prognosis of the status of women in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces
relative sentence: The recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women’s assignments
eventually suggests a prognosis
(C) present the new United States all-volunteer armed forces as a model case of equal employment policies in action
not related to equal employment policies
(D) analyze reforms in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces necessitated by the increasing number of women in the military
not mentioned this causation/causality
(E) analyze the use of functional equivalence as a substitute for occupational equality in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces
not mentioned

18.        According to the passage, despite the United States armed forces’ commitment to occupational equality for women in the military, certain other factors preclude women’s
(A) receiving equal pay for equal work
not related
(B) having access to positions of responsibility at most levels
not mentioned responsibility
(C) drawing assignments from a wider range of assignments than before
this has achieved partly
(D) benefiting from opportunities arising from new noncombat functions
(E) being assigned all of the military tasks that are assigned to men
relative sentence: The difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct combat operations

I did this wrong because I didn't dare to make a logic inference here. the assumption of this question obviously is that direct combat operations are assigned to men, since women are not trained for these operations and someone has to be for the propose of war, so the objects must be men.

19.        The passage implies that which of the following is a factor conducive to a more equitable representation of women in the United States armed forces than has existed in the past?
(A) The all-volunteer character of the present armed forces
(B) The past service records of women who had assignments functionally equivalent to men’s assignments
(C) The level of awareness on the part of the larger society of military issues
(D) A decline in the proportion of deterrence oriented noncombat assignments
(E) Restrictive past policies governing the military assignments open to women

20.        The “dramatic gains for women” (line 5) and the attitude, as described in lines 11-12, of a “significant portion of the larger society” are logically related to each other inasmuch as the author puts forward the latter as
(A) a public response to achievement of the former
has not been achieved
(B) the major reason for absence of the former
right
(C) a precondition for any prospect of achieving the former
not related to the prospect, only the reason
(D) a catalyst for a further extension of the former
contradict, a deterrent instead of catalyst
(E) a reason for some of the former being lost again
not mentioned again

无敌浩克OneUID: 3605802

2015.5.18 comprehension note!
second time reading

Although the development of new infrastructure (such public facilities as power plants, schools, and bridges) is usually determined by governmental planning, sometimes this development can be planned more flexibly and realistically by private investors who anticipate profit from the collection of user fees. Such profits can contribute to the financing of more infrastructure if demand proves great enough, whereas the reluctance of developers to invest in such projects can signal that additional infrastructure is not needed. During the economic boom of the 1980’s, for example, the state of Virginia authorized private developers to build a $300 million toll road. These developers obtained the needed right-of-way from property owners, but by 1993 they still had not raised the necessary financing. The unwillingness of investors to finance this project does not negate the viability of privately financed roads; rather, it illustrates a virtue of private financing. If a road appears unlikely to attract enough future traffic to pay for the road, then it should not be built.

24.        The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) build a case for increasing the development of new infrastructure
wrong
(B) advocate an alternative to government financing of infrastructure
right
(C) explain the failure of a privately financed venture
narrow the scope
(D) suggest the types of infrastructure most appropriate for private financing
not mentioned
(E) argue against government restrictions on developing new infrastructure
not mentioned restrictions

25.        The passage implies that the “governmental planning” mentioned in line 3 may lead to which of the following problems?
(A) Improper use of profits derived from user fees
not mentioned
(B) Unduly slow development of necessary new infrastructure
not mentioned
(C) Unrealistic decisions about developing new infrastructure
relative sentence:  more flexibly and realistically
so C is most relative to the question, better than D
(D) Incorrect predictions about profits to be gained from user fees
(E) Obstruction of private financing for the development of new infrastructure
not mentioned

26.        According to the passage, which of the following is true of the toll road mentioned in line 12?
(A) After it was built, it attracted too little traffic to pay for its construction.
It hadn't raised enough investment
(B) It was partially financed by the state of Virginia.
not mentioned
(C) Its development was authorized during an economic boom.
right, authorized doesn't equal to built
(D) Its construction was controversial among local residents.
not mentioned the views of residents
(E) Its developers were discouraged by governmental restrictions on acquiring the necessary land.
not mentioned restrictions

27.        The passage suggests that which of the following would occur if a privately financed bridge that proved to be profitable failed after a number of years to meet the demands of traffic?
It is profitable, and failed to meet the demands of traffic. Thus it suggests to build another bridge
(A) Private developers who financed the bridge would rely on governmental authorities to develop new infrastructure.
contradict, independent from government is the point of the passage
(B) User fees would be increased so that usage would become more costly.
not mentioned this method
(C) Governmental authorities would be reluctant to rely on private contractors to develop a new bridge.
not related to government
(D) The success of the project would be jeopardized by public dissatisfaction with the project’s adequacy.
won't jeopardize
(E) Profits generated by user fees would be used to help finance the construction of new infrastructure to alleviate the traffic problem.
right

wfxmfwjwUID: 3582171

518
阅读完成9004,9010,9102
填空陈圣元6个，刚开时填空，错的有些惨不忍睹。我的小心脏啊···
一会打算刷一下单词，做了填空，发现单词不认识几个。
今天效率有些低，加上分析错题，完成不多，明天要继续加油。
lz的阅读是magoosh吗？好像都没看到过，magoosh有些难吧，lz挺住

艾小卉UID: 3484633

楼主的帖子好励志，这两天状态不好。。。感觉自己要尽快调整，楼主加油！