supersam 习作练习帖

supersamUID: 3589628

8月1日开始参加2015年AW暑期同主题练习

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授权声明

本人为寄托ID：supersam 的持有人，现通过寄托论坛参与tesolchina的GRE写作研究，在这里授权tesolchina和hj1313的ID持有人使用本帖中本人的习作及互改记录做教学与科研用途。


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英语学习背景

雅思overall 6.5，作文6

下次GRE考试时间：8.21；

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supersamUID: 3589628

练习目录


03楼：全文       Argument 1（evidence）（已批改)  
18楼：outline    Argument 3(question)  (未批改)  （同171）
19楼：outline    Argument 4(assumption)  (未批改)
20楼： outline   Argument 5(question)  (未批改) (同159,173)
21楼：outline    Argument 6(evidence)   (未批改)
04楼：全文        Agument 71（evidence）（已批改）
05楼：全文        Argument 78（evidence）（已批改）
09楼：全文         Argument 128（evidence）（未批改）
10楼：outline Argument 77（assumption）（未批改）
11楼：全文         Argument 32(assumption)  (未批改)
12楼：outline      Argument 14(assumotion)  (未批改)
13楼：outline      Argument 28(assumption)  (未批改)
14楼： outline     Argument 129(assumption) (未批改) （同128）
17楼： outline     Argument 15(explanation)  (未批改)

supersamUID: 3589628

supersam Argument 1 练习帖 (第一次修正)

Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.


At first glance, it might seem logical to agree with the argument that the special woven baskets were not only produced in Palea. Nevertheless, in order to fully evaluate this argument, we need to collect a significant amount of evidence.
evidence about A, B and C 开头最好概括一下哪几个方面的证据

The first piece of evidence that we might need so as to evaluate the argument is the information about the width and depth of the Brim River, and also its climate in prehistoric time. It is possible that this river was narrow and shallow then, and because of that, people living in the Palean village could walk across the Brim River easily. Besides, it is also possible that centuries ago it was so cold in the winter that the river was frozen, so villagers could walk on the ice of the river. If we had the evidence of the situation of the Brim River referred above, it would significantly weaken the author's argument.

最后一句可以具体演绎一些argument如何被weaken  而不是仅仅这么说
总的来说写的不错

revised：
The first piece of evidence that we might need so as to evaluate the argument is the information about the width and depth of the Brim River, and also its climate in prehistoric time. It is possible that this river was narrow and shallow then, and because of that, people living in the Palean village could walk across the Brim River easily. Besides, it is also possible that centuries ago it was so cold in the winter that the river was frozen, so villagers could walk on the ice of the river. If we had the evidence of the situation of the Brim River referred above, it could indicate the baskets found in the other villages were made actually by the palean, not by villagers of other places these were discovered, which would significantly weaken the author's argument.

Even if the river years ago was as deep and broad as it is currently, there is still some possibility that the author overlooks. Another piece of evidence that might help us to better evaluate the claim involves whether or not the boats can stand being exposed the weather. Maybe people could have the ability to build a boat and the resource used to make the boat was available nearby. So they could go to the Lithos village with the baskets in boats. However as time went by, those boats were broken down and fell into small parts which are hardly to be found . If we have the evidence of the ancient Palean people's technology or find the parts of ancient boats, it would certainly weaken the author’s conclusion.

there is still some possibility- it is still possible that ... 这里要指出是什么可能性  读者没时间游花园


boats can stand being exposed the weather- 表达要调整



which are hard to be found

revised:
Even if the river years ago was as deep and broad as it is currently, we still need the evidence whether or not the boats can stand being exposed to the weather to better evaluate this claim. Maybe people could have the ability to build a boat and the resource used to make the boat was available nearby. So they could go to the Lithos village with the baskets in boats. However as time went by, those boats were broken down and fell into small parts which are hard to be found . If we have the evidence of the ancient Palean people's technology or find the parts of ancient boats, it would certainly weaken the author’s conclusion.

Even if the ancient individuals in the Palean village failed to build boats, the author have ignored some likelihood. In order to evaluate the argument, more information is needed about the material of the unique basket. Provided the material can float on the river, so it is likely that this kind of baskets was dropped into the river accidentally by the Palean people and floated to the Lithos village. It would significantly undermine the claim, if we were to learn the information about the density of those baskets.

ignored some likelihood (of what)
Provided the material can float on the river, so- If ... could

revised:
Even if the ancient individuals in the Palean village failed to build boats, the author have ignored some likelihood of basket being float on the river. In order to evaluate the argument, more information is needed about the material of the unique basket. If the material could float on the river, so it is likely that this kind of baskets was dropped into the river accidentally by the Palean people and floated to the Lithos village. It would significantly undermine the claim, if we were to learn the information about the density of those baskets.

In conclusion, in order to get a more complete understanding of the merits and demerits of the argument, more information should be known about the condition of the ancient Brim River, the Palean people's ability to build a boat that time, and the material of the special woven basket.

question:'evidence about A, B and C 开头最好概括一下哪几个方面的证据' 印象中看到老师有一次在结尾概括abc，是不是说在开头段更好一些？




edited：
At first glance, it might seem logical to agree with the argument that the special woven baskets were not only produced in Palea. Nevertheless, in order to fully evaluate this argument, we need to collect a significant amount of evidence.


The first piece of evidence that we might need so as to evaluate the argument is the information about the width and depth of the Brim River, and also its climate in prehistoric time. It is possible that this river was narrow and shallow then, and because of that, people living in the Palean village could walk across the Brim River easily. Besides, it is also possible that centuries ago it was so cold in the winter that the river was frozen, so villagers could walk on the ice of the river. If we had the evidence of the situation of the Brim River referred above, it could indicate the baskets found in the other villages were made actually by the palean, not by villagers of other places these were discovered, which would significantly weaken the author's argument.

Even if the river years ago was as deep and broad as it is currently, we still need the evidence whether or not the boats can stand being exposed to the weather to better evaluate this claim. Maybe people could have the ability to build a boat and the resource used to make the boat was available nearby. So they could go to the Lithos village with the baskets in boats. However as time went by, those boats were broken down and fell into small parts which are hard to be found . If we have the evidence of the ancient Palean people's technology or find the parts of ancient boats, it would certainly weaken the author’s conclusion.

Even if the ancient individuals in the Palean village failed to build boats, the author have ignored some likelihood of basket being float on the river. In order to evaluate the argument, more information is needed about the material of the unique basket. If the material could float on the river, so it is likely that this kind of baskets was dropped into the river accidentally by the Palean people and floated to the Lithos village. It would significantly undermine the claim, if we were to learn the information about the density of those baskets.

In conclusion, in order to get a more complete understanding of the merits and demerits of the argument, more information should be known about the condition of the ancient Brim River, the Palean people's ability to build a boat that time, and the material of the special woven basket.

supersamUID: 3589628

supersam Argument 71（第一次修正）
The following is a letter to the editor of the Waymarsh Times.

"Traffic here in Waymarsh is becoming a problem. Although just three years ago a state traffic survey showed that the typical driving commuter took 20 minutes to get to work, the commute now takes closer to 40 minutes, according to the survey just completed. Members of the town council already have suggested more road building to address the problem, but as well as being expensive, the new construction will surely disrupt some of our residential neighborhoods. It would be better to follow the example of the nearby city of Garville. Last year Garville implemented a policy that rewards people who share rides to work, giving them coupons for free gas. Pollution levels in Garville have dropped since the policy was implemented, and people from Garville tell me that commuting times have fallen considerably. There is no reason why a policy like Garville's shouldn't work equally well in Waymarsh."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.


At first glance, it seems logical to agree with the editor's argument that Waymarsh should implement a policy similar to that of Garville to reduce the commuting times. Nevertheless, in order to evaluate fully his/her argument, we need to collect a significant amount of additional evidence.
evidence about ...

The first piece of evidence that we may need so as to evaluate this argument is information about how participants were recruited in the state traffic survey. Maybe lots of citizens have moved to the outskirt to enjoy a peaceful life from the noisy downtown. And as a result of this, the commute now definitely takes longer minutes than before. It is the distance from home to workplace that decides the commuting times, not the traffic congestion in Waymarsh in a large degree. Under such circumstances, it is pointless to implement this policy. Also, it is not clear that how reliable the self-reported data in this survey was. Drivers may not necessarily recall their commuting times accurately, so their estimation could considerably deviate from the reality. If we had the important evidence referred above, it would certainly weaken the author's argument.

你的主题句和后面的内容完全不是在讲同一件事啊
你可以看下博客328楼

revised：
The first piece of evidence that we may need so as to evaluate this argument is information about the validity of that survey. Maybe lots of citizens have moved to the outskirt to enjoy a peaceful life from the noisy downtown. And as a result of this, the commute now definitely takes longer minutes than before. It is the distance from home to workplace that decides the commuting times, not the traffic congestion in Waymarsh in a large degree. Under such circumstances, it is pointless to implement this policy. Also, it is not clear that how reliable the self-reported data in this survey was. Drivers may not necessarily recall their commuting times accurately, so their estimation could considerably deviate from the reality. If we had the important evidence referred above, it would certainly weaken the author's argument.

Even if the traffic is really becoming a big problem like the author said, there is still some possibility he/she may have ignored. Another piece of evidence that may help us to better evaluate the editor's claim involves how the policy implemented in the Garville which is now proposed in Waymarsh improved the traffic. It is likely that when the policy was implemented, other more draconian measures were taken to reduce pollution as well. In that case, the dropping pollution levels in Garville may not imply the effectiveness of sharing rides with strangers. Besides, data collected by the author of the letter through the casual conversations with a few individuals from Garville is not valid enough. More systematic data collection is needed to corroborate the results. If we were to learn that other data belies the anecdote information gathered by the author, it would significantly weaken the author's claim.

improved the traffic- might improve 这里肯定不能用过去时啊
你的句子之间连贯问题很大 前一句讲东 后一句讲西  你再仔细看看  

revised:
Even if the traffic is really becoming a big problem like the author said, there is still some possibility he/she may have ignored. Another piece of evidence that may help us to better evaluate the editor's claim involves how the policy implemented in the Garville which is now proposed in Waymarsh might improve the traffic. It is likely that when the policy was implemented, other more draconian measures were taken to reduce pollution in terms of factories as well. In that case, the dropping pollution levels in Garville may not imply the effectiveness of sharing rides with strangers, because these serious measures may play a more important role in reduce pollution. If we were to learn that industrial pollution which is reduced significantly is the most part of the overall pollution, it would significantly weaken the author's claim.

Even if the traffic problems have been solved in the near city, the author may have overlooked some likelihood. In order to evaluate the evidence, more information regarding this issue is needed about whether the policy could have the same effect as that happened in Garville. Maybe most people in Waymarsh are wealthier than that in Garville. So the incentive of the coupon may not so strong for the former. Likewise, people living in Waymarsh could think it is not safe to sit in a stranger's car and refuse to take a lift. As a result, the policy may not reach the desirable effect. It would undermine the conclusion if it turned out that citizens in Waymarsh are apathy to this policy.

In conclusion, in order to have a more complete understanding of the merits and demerits of this argument, more information are needed about the survey's validness, weather or not the policy played a crucial role in Garville, and individuals' tendency toward this policy.


edited：
At first glance, it seems logical to agree with the editor's argument that Waymarsh should implement a policy similar to that of Garville to reduce the commuting times. Nevertheless, in order to evaluate fully his/her argument, we need to collect a significant amount of additional evidence.
evidence about ...

The first piece of evidence that we may need so as to evaluate this argument is information about the validity of that survey. Maybe lots of citizens have moved to the outskirt to enjoy a peaceful life from the noisy downtown. And as a result of this, the commute now definitely takes longer minutes than before. It is the distance from home to workplace that decides the commuting times, not the traffic congestion in Waymarsh in a large degree. Under such circumstances, it is pointless to implement this policy. Also, it is not clear that how reliable the self-reported data in this survey was. Drivers may not necessarily recall their commuting times accurately, so their estimation could considerably deviate from the reality. If we had the important evidence referred above, it would certainly weaken the author's argument.

Even if the traffic is really becoming a big problem like the author said, there is still some possibility he/she may have ignored. Another piece of evidence that may help us to better evaluate the editor's claim involves how the policy implemented in the Garville which is now proposed in Waymarsh might improve the traffic. It is likely that when the policy was implemented, other more draconian measures were taken to reduce pollution in terms of factories as well. In that case, the dropping pollution levels in Garville may not imply the effectiveness of sharing rides with strangers, because these serious measures may play a more important role in reduce pollution. If we were to learn that industrial pollution which is reduced significantly is the most part of the overall pollution, it would significantly weaken the author's claim.

Even if the traffic problems have been solved in the near city, the author may have overlooked some likelihood. In order to evaluate the evidence, more information regarding this issue is needed about whether the policy could have the same effect as that happened in Garville. Maybe most people in Waymarsh are wealthier than that in Garville. So the incentive of the coupon may not so strong for the former. Likewise, people living in Waymarsh could think it is not safe to sit in a stranger's car and refuse to take a lift. As a result, the policy may not reach the desirable effect. It would undermine the conclusion if it turned out that citizens in Waymarsh are apathy to this policy.

In conclusion, in order to have a more complete understanding of the merits and demerits of this argument, more information are needed about the survey's validness, weather or not the policy played a crucial role in Garville, and individuals' tendency toward this policy.

supersamUID: 3589628

supersam Argument 78 全文 evidence （第一次修改）

The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a food distribution company with food storage warehouses in several cities.

"Recently, we signed a contract with the Fly-Away Pest Control Company to provide pest control services at our fast-food warehouse in Palm City, but last month we discovered that over $20,000 worth of food there had been destroyed by pest damage. Meanwhile, the Buzzoff Pest Control Company, which we have used for many years, continued to service our warehouse in Wintervale, and last month only $10,000 worth of the food stored there had been destroyed by pest damage. Even though the price charged by Fly-Away is considerably lower, our best means of saving money is to return to Buzzoff for all our pest control services."

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

In the first glance, it might seem logical to agree with the vice president's argument that this food distribution company should return to hire Buzzoff Pest Control Company to save money. Nevertheless, in order to fully evaluate his/her argument, we need to collect a significant amount of additional evidence.
问题和上两篇一样  即使用模板也要根据题目来加一些内容


The first piece of evidence that we need to evaluate this argument is information about whether or not the amount of loss can indicate the effectiveness of these two companies' pest control. Maybe food in warehouses in Palm City is far more expensive than that in Wintervale. And as results of this, it is definitely that the loss in the former is larger than that in the latter, though there may be less amount of food destroyed by pest in Palm city than their counterpart in Wintervale. So the Fly-Away Pest Control Company has the ability to preserve more food and dispatch the pests effectively. Also, there could be some hidden costs in the Buzzoff. It is possible that the Buzzoff prefers use harmful pernicious pesticides which may be sprayed on the food accidentally. Under such circumstances, the owner of the storage warehouses may have no choice but to drop these polluted food which is harmful to people's health. If we had the evidence referred above, it would certainly weaken the vice president's claim.

amount of loss- difference in amount of loss
it is definitely that  注意hedging  词性
food in warehouses in Palm City is far more expensive than that in Wintervale这个点不成立 因为计算损失肯定是看金额而不是看数量 这里的关键是 损失率  就是要看分母 不能只看分子  
harmful pernicious pesticides这个也不靠谱  如果仓库会污染食品的话 那就该关门了  

revised：
The first piece of evidence that we need to evaluate this argument is information about whether or not the difference in amount of loss can indicate the effectiveness of these two companies' pest control. Maybe the unit price of food in warehouses in Palm City is three times higher than higher  that in Wintervale. And as results of this, the loss in the former is larger than that in the latter, though there may be less amount of food destroyed by pest in Palm city than their counterpart in Wintervale. So the Fly-Away Pest Control Company has the ability to preserve more food and dispatch the pests effectively. Also, there could be some hidden costs in the Buzzoff. It is possible that the Buzzoff prefers use pernicious pesticides which may be sprayed on the food accidentally. Under such circumstances, the owner of the storage warehouses may have no choice but to drop these polluted food which is harmful to people's health. If we had the evidence referred above, it would certainly weaken the vice president's claim.


Even if the Buzzoff used the some healthy measures and preserved food more effectively that month, the author may have ignored some possibility. Another piece of evidence that may help us to better access his claim involves the past performance of the two companies. It is simplistic to evaluate the ability of Buzzoff and Fly-Away with just a single month's record of pest control. There is some possibility that the latter always made a better performance than the latter in the past excluding last month. In that case, Fly-Away is still a good choice. If we were to learn evidence like that, it would significantly weaken the vice president's conclusion.
access - assess
我感觉你写文章的模板气息太重了   
这段内容还不错  

revised：
Even if the Buzzoff used the some healthy measures and preserved food more effectively that month, the author may have ignored some possibility. Another piece of evidence that may help us to better assess his claim involves the past performance of the two companies. It is simplistic to evaluate the ability of Buzzoff and Fly-Away with just a single month's record of pest control. There is some possibility that the latter always made a better performance than the latter in the past excluding last month. In that case, Fly-Away is still a good choice. If we were to learn evidence like that, it would significantly weaken the vice president's conclusion.

Even if the Buzzoff's records of pest control have been always better than the Fly-Away's in the last 20 years, there is still some likelihood that the vice president may overlook. Why should the food distribution company have to choose company controlling pest between the two referred? It is likely that there are other pest companies who may not so famous while are better at this task than these two. It would considerably undermine the proposal if it turned out companies like this kind are indeed in these two cities.

some likelihood 选词 scenario  
这个点也不是很靠谱
你可以参考一下博客171楼   

In conclusion, in order to have a complete understanding of merits and demerits of the argument, more information should be known about what the last month data imply, the performance of these two company in the past, along with other companies’ capacity.

Question 1:  最后一个中心段（参考以往数据），看了老师的范文，还是不太清楚怎样论证这种类型（感觉貌似缺一句话）
Question 2：我用模版是想节省一部分时间（事实上我还是用了40分钟....） 是不是我的模版影响了行文流畅？ 哪几句这样，希望老师指出来，我好尽快改正



edited：
In the first glance, it might seem logical to agree with the vice president's argument that this food distribution company should return to hire Buzzoff Pest Control Company to save money. Nevertheless, in order to fully evaluate his/her argument, we need to collect a significant amount of additional evidence.

The first piece of evidence that we need to evaluate this argument is information about whether or not thedifference in amount of loss can indicate the effectiveness of these two companies' pest control. Maybe the unit price of food in warehouses in Palm City is three times higher than higher  that in Wintervale. And as results of this, the loss in the former is larger than that in the latter, though there may be less amount of food destroyed by pest in Palm city than their counterpart in Wintervale. So the Fly-Away Pest Control Company has the ability to preserve more food and dispatch the pests effectively. Also, there could be some hidden costs in the Buzzoff. It is possible that the Buzzoff prefers use pernicious pesticides which may be sprayed on the food accidentally. Under such circumstances, the owner of the storage warehouses may have no choice but to drop these polluted food which is harmful to people's health. If we had the evidence referred above, it would certainly weaken the vice president's claim.

Even if the Buzzoff used the some healthy measures and preserved food more effectively that month, the author may have ignored some possibility. Another piece of evidence that may help us to better assess his claim involves the past performance of the two companies. It is simplistic to evaluate the ability of Buzzoff and Fly-Away with just a single month's record of pest control. There is some possibility that the latter always made a better performance than the latter in the past excluding last month. In that case, Fly-Away is still a good choice. If we were to learn evidence like that, it would significantly weaken the vice president's conclusion.

Even if the Buzzoff's records of pest control have been always better than the Fly-Away's in the last 20 years, there is still some likelihood that the vice president may overlook. Why should the food distribution company have to choose company controlling pest between the two referred? It is likely that there are other pest companies who may not so famous while are better at this task than these two. It would considerably undermine the proposal if it turned out companies like this kind are indeed in these two cities.

In conclusion, in order to have a complete understanding of merits and demerits of the argument, more information should be known about what the last month data imply, the performance of these two company in the past, along with other companies’ capacity.

tesolchinaUID: 2191404

你竟然全部在写argument  

supersamUID: 3589628

tesolchina 发表于 2015-8-5 18:02
你竟然全部在写argument

是的 我想先从Arguement 的evidence入手，然后学些其他指导要求的，然后再学习写issue。 这样思路，不对吗？

tesolchinaUID: 2191404

supersam 发表于 2015-8-5 18:13
是的 我想先从Arguement 的evidence入手，然后学些其他指导要求的，然后再学习写issue。 这样思路，不对吗 ...

没什么对不对 适合自己就好  
其实几种写作指导是相通的 只需要改一下措辞就ok

supersamUID: 3589628

supersam argument 128  

The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment complex to its manager.
One month ago, all the showerheads in the first three buildings of the Sunnyside Towers complex were modified to restrict maximum water flow to one-third of what it used to be. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, modifying showerheads to restrict water flow throughout all twelve buildings in the Sunnyside Towers complex will increase our profits further.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.


At first glance, it might seem logical to agree with the writer’s argument that the modification of showerheads that was made on the first three buildings of the complex must be replicated in the remaining nine buildings to guarantee increase in profit. Nevertheless, in order to fully evaluate the owner’s claim, we need to collect a significant amount of additional evidence.

The first piece of evidence that we need to weigh the proposal is a summary of water usage before and after the modification of showerheads in the first three buildings. The restricted water flow does not necessarily mean that the decrease of water usage. It is possible that some people living in that apartment complex have to increase their length of bath time due to the slow water flow. In that case, then the water usage after adjustment would not be significantly different from before the modification Provided we had the evidence that the water usage has not drop significantly, it would certainly weaken the letter writer's argument. And there is no need to adjust the showerheads.

Even if the water usage indeed decreased a lot, the manager may have ignored some possibility. Another piece of evidence that may help us to assess this argument involves the price of the modifying the showerheads. It is likely that the Sunnyside Corporation need to spend a large amount of money to hire the skilled workers to modify these showerheads to change the water flow. If the budget spent on these skilled workers exceeded the money saved from use of modified showerheads, the manager's company would not increase their revenue through restricting the water flow. If we had the information referred above, it could radically weaken the manager's argument.

Even if money saved from slow water flow were way larger than that spent on this modification, the owner did not give any proof of satisfaction by residents. Tenants may not make any complaint about the low water pressure, but they may move to another apartment complex directly, which has normal water flow. It would significantly undermine the conclusion about increased profits if it turned out that people in the other 9 buildings do not like the modification and they moved out.

In conclusion, in order to have a complete understanding of the merits and demerits of the manager's advice, more information should be known about water usage, budget of modification of these showerheads, and their tenants’ opinion towards the adjustment.   

supersamUID: 3589628

supersam argument 77 (assumption) outline

The following recommendation appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell.

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

Two years ago, the nearby town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel.

During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View's tax revenues have risen by 30 percent.

Therefore, the best way to improve Hopewell's economy - and generate additional tax revenues - is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View.


claim: Therefore, the best way to improve Hopewell's economy - and generate additional tax revenues - is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View.

data 1:Two years ago, the nearby town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel.

data 2: During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View's tax revenues have risen by 30 percent.

assumption 1: It is the policy implemented two years ago in Ocean that increases the tourism. (maybe other measures like advertisement)

assumption 2: the construction of gold course and resort hotel will attract more tourists in Hopewell.(maybe Hopewell actually do not have an airport, which makes it inaccessible for visitors)

assumption 3: the cost of these construction and its maintenance costs can justified by the additional tax revenues.

supersamUID: 3589628

supersam Argument 32 全文 assumption

The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Quiot Manufacturing.
During the past year, Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than at the nearby Panoply Industries plant, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts say that significant contributing factors in many on-the-job accidents are fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Quiot and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that employees will get adequate amounts of sleep.

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.


At first glance, it might seem logical to agree with the vice president's argument that in order to reduce the number of accidents that happens in working time, Quiot Manufacturing need to reduce the working time to let their workers have enough sleep like Panoply Industries plant. In order to fully evaluate his or her argument, assumptions about the product of these two companies, workers’ lifestyle, the link between sleep and accidents are needed to be reexamined.

It is assumed that shortening the length of work time in Quiot Manufacturing would have the same effect as that in the nearby company. It is possible that these two companies are not comparable in this respect. Specifically, Panoply Industries plant may produce some stuffed toys, which are both soft and light, and also, easily to be made. However, the vice president's company might produce cars, whose process of manufacture is more dangerous, compared with the former. In that case, reducing the work time would not reach the desired results because it can not change what they are manufacturing.

It is also implicitly assumed that letting their staff get off work early would make them have adequate amounts of sleep. It is likely that people in the Quiot Manufacturing prefer hanging out with friends at mid night or staying up to watch movies at home even though they have more free time. Under such circumstances, it is pointless to reduce working hours, as this proposal would not let these employees more energetic and make any difference to the number of accidents.

The third assumption is that the lack of sleep is the main reason why the on-the-job accidents rate was high in the vice president's company. It is possible that there are other factors contributing to this problem. Maybe workers in Quiot Manufacturing had not received good pre-work training before they performed their tasks or they rarely respect the safety law. Also, the supervisor there may overlook some hidden danger which accounts the most part of the accidents. If these are the main reasons leading to the high accident rate, the advice should not be accepted.

In conclusion, in order to get a better understanding of the merits and demerits of the vice president’s claim, these assumptions referred above should be weighed carefully.

supersamUID: 3589628

supersam Argument 14 outline assumption
The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine.
A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

data 1: A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms.

data 2: Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth.

claim: These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night.

首段
At first glance, it might seem to agree with author's argument that according to a study report, if a company want to prosper, it should only recruit the people who can work with less than 6 hours every night. However, in order to fully evaluate his or her claim, assumptions about the validity of the study, the universality of the rule about sleep and prosper, and other related issues needs to be reexamined.

TS1:
It is assumed that the study is valid, representative, and reliable.
Respondents 不一定记得准确时间，他们不一定说实话

TS2:
It is also assumed that unlike the executives, employees in the lower level of the company can also make more contribute their company at the cost of less sleep time.
底层不一定有executive 那么大的工作量，睡眠的门槛可能会将一些优秀的人拒之门外。

TS3:
The third assumption is that this rule about sleep and success in the advertising industry can be applied more broadly in the other kinds of firms.
如飞行员，手术医生 或许他们更需要充足的睡眠来保证良好的精神状态。

supersamUID: 3589628

supersam Argument 28 outline assumtion
The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.        

Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades, food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia.        

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.


data1: Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades, food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives.

data2: This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study.

data3: Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods.

claim: With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia.


At first glance, it might seem to agree with the writer's argument that he or she expected the number of residents' headaches would decline steadily in the future because of the Salicylates added in to local food. However, in order to fully evaluate the writer's claim, some assumptions are needed to be reexamined carefully about other causes of the drop of headaches, residents eating habits in the future, and some issues produced by over-use of this medicine.

TS1:
It is assumed that adding salicylates to foods is the main reason why the number of the headaches happened in the Mentia decreased.
人们不太清楚的记得头痛次数，人们的生活作息和饮食习惯变好

TS2:
It is also assumed that local people would continue to keep their taste and eating habits.
人们或许喜欢原味，不喜欢加额外的味道，人们后来改吃fresh food的。

TS3:
The third assumption is that the abuse of Salicylates would not produce drug resistance or even some kinds of side effect.
过量用药导致耐药性，以后产生其他副作用

supersamUID: 3589628

supersam Argument 129 outline assumption
129) The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment complex to its manager.
Last week, all the showerheads in the first three buildings of the Sunnyside Towers complex were modified to restrict maximum water flow to one-third of what it used to be. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, modifying showerheads to restrict water flow throughout all twelve buildings in the Sunnyside Towers complex will increase our profits further.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.


data1: Last week, all the showerheads in the first three buildings of the Sunnyside Towers complex were modified to restrict maximum water flow to one-third of what it used to be.

data2: Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month.

claim: Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, modifying showerheads to restrict water flow throughout all twelve buildings in the Sunnyside Towers complex will increase our profits further.


At first glance, it might seem to agree with owner's argument that the modification of showerheads which had been implemented in the first three buildings should be replicated to other nine buildings in order to increase his or her company's profit. However, in order to fully evaluate the owner's claim, some assumptions are needed to be reexamined carefully about

TS1:
It is assumed that the water usage indeed dropped significantly after the modification of showerheads in the first three buildings.
一些动作和水压无关和水量有关，如洗衣服，喝水等。一些事人们会因为水压低而用更多的水，如洗澡

TS2:
It is also assumed that the labour cost of the adjustment of the showerheads is negligent, compared with the money saving this adjustment.
聘请维修工陈本高

TS3:
The third assumption is that tenants in the city can tolerate the low water press and few of them moved to other place because of it.
人们或许会去别的别家公司的公寓

tesolchinaUID: 2191404

supersam 发表于 2015-8-11 15:32
supersam Argument 129 outline assumption
129) The following appeared in a letter from the owner of  ...

建议你看看我写的argument 35 像你提到洗衣服 喝水 这些都和题目讨论的showerhead没有关系