1006GKiKi的备考日记--努力不一定会成功，但不努力一定不会

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

什么是历史的意义？历史的意义，即在历史中，人类的文化基因能够不断地获得创新，从而在历史中，文化基因的信息量能够获得不断地增进。


什么是历史的悲剧？历史的悲剧，即人类的精神史基本上已经变成了一片空白，或者说已完全丧失了创造新的人类文化基因的“自由”的动力源泉。

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

天哪~~~kiki怎么可以这么久都没有更新日志了呢~~kiki要哭了~~kiki知错了~~从今天起 kiki要洗心革面 天天日志~~~

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

今天看了好几篇精华帖 还是很有意思的~~可惜kiki比较迟钝 有一段话一直没搞清楚

61
The following appeared in a report by the School District of Eyleria.
"Nationally, the average ratio of computers to students in kindergarten through grade 12 (K-12) is 1:5. Educators indicate that this is very good ratio. This means that across the country, all students have access to and can use computers daily in their classrooms. In Eyleria's K-12 schools, the ratio of computers to students is 1:7. This number is sufficient to ensure that all of Eyleria's students, by the time they graduate from high school, will be fully proficient in the use of computer technology. Thus, there is no reason to spend any of the schools' budget on computers or other technology in the next few years."

Janettaowei童鞋的中间三段论证过程是这样的（ts已经取出）:
First, since the ratio of computers to students is 1:7 in Eyleria, which is lower than the national average level, it is possible that the computers there may be insufficient.（这段对我做例子没啥用，可以不用看这句ts）

Second, even if the number of computers is enough at present time, there is no guarantee it would be sufficient when they graduate from high school.

Last but not least, even Eyleria does not need to buy any computers, there still a lot of money need to be spent on computer.

好了，我们可以很清楚的看出他/她是用了两个让步来组织段落的内部结构的，接下来按照我一般的逻辑思维方式，我们把这个argument的逻辑联系理顺一下，恩，这是一篇相对比较难的逻辑连接了：

National average ratio(已给)  所有学生日常都能够用电脑（推论1）

某个地区的 average ratio 1：7 number is sufficient(推论2，注意这个推论是三无：无调查，无证据，无理由)  学生fully proficient in the use of computer(推论3)

推论3  1:7就足够（推论4，注意这里的循环论证，实际上，是1：7的ratio推出的推论3，然而作者继续把这个推论3作为推出1:7这个ratio的理由）+ 推论1（1：5也足够） 1：7这个ratio是合理的（推论5）

最后由推论5  结论

从我给的这个逻辑图中可以明显的看出， jane童鞋的论证偏题了，原因是什么？我想，让步的滥用绝对是罪魁祸首之一，我们来看他的第二论证段的TS：Second, even if the number of computers is enough at present time, there is no guarantee it would be sufficient when they graduate from high school.

按照我所述的让步的两大最基本原则，分析一下这个让步为什么会导致偏题：

1 让步必须建立在你要批驳者的观点上。 在这篇argument里面，作者在什么地方提到过：the number of computers is enough at present time? 这个仅仅是第一个论证段，jane童鞋自己的推理而已，这个让步的错误性直接指向了一种后果：否定掉你自己前面写的东西，搬起石头砸了自己的脚，而不是作者的脚。

2 让步必须揭示更深层次的逻辑谬误。 蓝色字体的句子，是主句，也是由让步而衍生出来的逻辑问题，然而句话揭示的东西，不仅仅是一个虚幻的推论，更重要的是，它跟让步的从句的关系是并列关系，而不是递进关系！这才是当我们读到：“第二，即使电脑数量目前足够，也没有证据表明它们以后会足够。”感觉荒谬的真正原因所在！换言之，如果没有递进的逻辑深度关系，用让步就是一种可笑的举动。

不懂那个第2点 为啥那个不是递进关系啊 我觉得这个句子本身的让步一点问题都没有啊~~~为啥我看不懂它呢 哭。。。。有人帮我一起看看没？不过估计现在也没多少人逛作文版了 我再仔细想想。。。。

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

不知不觉 又是五天 没有东西提醒着 真是不知道时间原来是过得如此快的 真的真的要加油了~

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

economist 阅读写作分析--jessicalulu  https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... p%3Bfilter%3Ddigest

Issue DIY四部曲系列 by comorain

一、想明白——Issue 思路

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-940385-1-1.html

二、写清楚——Issue 初稿（首段、段落结构、主题句、尾段）

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-941249-1-1.html

三、改漂亮——Issue 自改（语法、用词、句式变化、复杂句、举例、说理）

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-943741-1-1.html

编外：comorain的语法自查要点

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-943740-1-1.html

四、记准确——Issue 背诵＋修改铺＋珍藏资料

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-944004-1-1.html

五、谋周全——Issue 备考及写作建议＋习作一篇

https://bbs.gter.net/thread-944669-1-1.html

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

kiki又来啦~~~今天不是很好 都没做什么 最近就觉得自己语言好差~~恩 要加油提高语言功底~

emma-onlyUID: 2642828

楼主好用心啊~加油！~

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

Argument官方范文分析全系列  https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... p%3Bfilter%3Ddigest
草木也知愁 每日QQ/MSN一对一实况答疑 汇总贴  https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... p%3Bfilter%3Ddigest
brainstorm 之我见  https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... p%3Bfilter%3Ddigest
北美翻译 大家来分享！https://bbs.gter.net/viewthre ... 3Ddigest&page=2


hoho~今天终于把所有的精华帖都过了一遍~开心~

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

52# emma-only

恩~~~谢谢~~~大家一起加油~~

另：

谢谢草木版主~~~都快要笔试了还来作文版逛~~~kiki会加油哒~~

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

今天才发现，有好多好多人看着kiki的帖子呢~~~感谢所有看过帖子的孩子们~~

大抵大家都是一点一点坚持熬过来，于是才有今天的我们。

dyslexiaUID: 2623167

恩，和LZ一起准备。

无敌小番茄UID: 2684290

KiKi 加油
现在准备笔试好辛苦啊

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

56# dyslexia

谢谢矣~~~一起进步吧~~

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

57# 无敌小番茄

说起来很对不起
都没能帮上你什么忙
恩 帮你打打气吧~~国庆8天是很重要的8天呢~~~一定要加油~~~一定会好的~~~
再苦再难都会过去的~~

KiKi~淇水滺滺UID: 2679824

grammar~

动词

英语中总共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）

3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：
He is to go to New York next week.他下周要去纽约。
We are to teach the fresh persons.我们要教新生。
说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b. 表示命令，例如：
You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。
c.征求意见，例如：
How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他？
Who is to go there?谁该去那儿呢？
d. 表示相约、商定，例如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。



1）
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.



3 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组


believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that…大家认为
It is suggested that…据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.

4 不用被动语态的情况


1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.

4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.



5 主动形式表示被动意义


1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well.这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。

2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident.
Much work remains.

3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
6 被动形式表示主动意义


be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
He is graduated from a famous university.
他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl.
He got married to a rich girl.

7 need/want/require/worth

注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。
Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。