进军美利坚iBT特训营~~100+听写专用贴

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听写的继续

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第一次交 TPO9 lecture2 我已经改过了。。。
listen to the lecture in an environmental science class. so since our topic on global climate and it’s  effects, In Alaska ,in the northern Arctic part of over the last 30 years or so, temperature has increased about half a degree Celsius per decade.and scientists have noticed that there have been changs in surface vegetation during this time.shrubs are increasing in the tundra.tundra is flat land with very little vegetation. just a few species of plants grow there because the temprature is vert cold and there’s not much percipitation ,and because of the cold tempreatures,the tundra has two layers:top layer which is called the active layer is frozen in the winter and spring but thaws in the summer,beneath this active layer is second layer called permafrost which is frozen all year round and is impermeable to water.
so because of the permer frost, none of the plant they grow there can have deep roots ,can they?
no, and that’s one of the reasons that shrubs survive in the arctic.shrubs are little bushes, they are not tall and being low in the ground protect them from the cold and wind and their roots don't grow very deep.so the permerfrost doesn't interfear the growth.ok.since the tempreture have been increasing in arctic ALASCA.the growth of shrubs has increased.and this is presented to the climate scientists with a puzzle.
I'm sorry, when you say the growth of shrubs has increased.Do you mean the shrubs are bigger, or that there are more shrubs?
Good question and the answer is both.
the size of the shrubs has increased and the shrub cover has spread to what was previously shrub-free tundra.Ok, so what's the puzzle? warmer tempretures should lead increased vegetation growth, right?
well, the connection are not so simple. the tempreture increase has occured during the winter and spring.not during the summer, but the increas in shrubs has occured in the summer , so how can increase tempretures in the winter and spring result in increase shrub growth in the summer.well, it may be biological processes that occur in soil in the winter that cause increase shrub grow in the summer and here is how.there are micrbos,microscopic organisms that live in the soil.
these microbs enable the soil to have more nitrogen which plants needs to live and they remain quite active during the winter. there are two reasons for this,first,they live in the active layer,remember,contains water which doesn't penetrate the permafrost.second, most of the percipitation in the Arctic is in the form now.and the snow which blankets the ground in the winter actually has an insolating effect on the soil beneth it. and it allows the tempreture of the soil to remain warmed enough for microbes to remain active. so there's been increase in nutrient production in the winter.and that’s what's resposible for the growth of shrubs in the summer and their spread to new areas of the tundra.areas with more nutrients are the areas with the largest increase in shrubs.  
But, what about run off in the spring when the snow finally melts. lots of nutrints get washed away, spring thaw always washes away soil, doesn't it?
well, much of the soil is usually still frozen peak run off.and the nutrient are deep down in the active layer anyway.not high up near the surface. which is the part of the active layer most affective by run of. but as i was about to say there is more the story ,the tundra is  windy and snow is blown across the tundra is caught by shrubs.and deep snow drifts often form around shrubs.and we've already mentioned the insulating effects of snow.so that's  extra warmth means even more microbial activity. which means even more foods for the shrubs?which means even more shrubs and more snow around it's a circle a loop. And because of this loop which is promoted by warmer tempreture in winter and  spring,well it looks like the tundra may be turning into  shrub land.
but, will it be long term? i mean maybe the shrub will be abundant for a few years and then it will change back to tandra.
well, shrub's expansion has occured in other enviroments like semiarid grassland and tall grass prairies.and shrubs expension in these enviroments does seem to persist almost to the point of causing a shift, once is established shrubs land thrives. perticulaly in the arctic,because actic shrubs are good at taking advantage  it nutrients in the soil better than other arctic plants.

我是chineseladyUID: 2662783

en good

colettUID: 2463706

我2月27号考，qq434390120想问一下怎么加入小组？

cp19880313UID: 2643174

tpo10 conversation1
Listen a conversation between a student and photography professor.
Professor Jonson, there is something that’s  been on my mind,
Ok?
Remember last week, you told us that it’s really improtant to get our photography into a show, basically as soon as we can？
Yeap, it’s a big step,no question.
Thing is, i’m sitting here and i’m just not sure how I get there,i mean , i’ve got some work I like, but I mean, is it really what the gallary is looking for? How would i know , how do i make the right  contact to get into  show? I just really don’t...
Ok.slow on, slow down.these are questions well just about every young artist that’s struggle with,Ok,the first thing you should do is, you absolutely have to stay true to your artistic vision.take the pictures you want to take. Don’t start trying to catch the flavor the monsoon, be trendy because you think you are getting into a show. That never works.because you wanna them creating something you don’t believe in.that sounds uninspired and won’t make any shows.i’ve seen that happened so many times . this doesn’t mean that you should go into the caves.keep up with the trands, even think about how your work might fit in with them. But don’t mindless follow them.
Well, yeah, i can see that.i think though that i had always  been able to stay pretty true what I want to create.not what others want me to create.I think that comes through my work.
Ok, just remember that is one thing to create works that you really want to create one that in the classroom.the only thing is stake is your grade , but what create outside classroom? That could be in different story. I’m not talking about techniques or things like that. It’s just  there is so much more stake when you’re out there making out art for living.There are a lot of pressures to become something you are not and people often surrendered to that pressure.
But you’ve get stuff it exhibited.
Well,you need to be a bit of opportunists.Now, a common sense things like always having a sample if  you worked on hard to give the people.you won’t believe the kind of contact and opportunist you get it in this way.and try to get your work seen places like resturants bookstores and you will be surprised how world get surround it about photography in places like then.right?
Ok, it’s just so hard to just think about all of these practical things and make good work, you know?
似乎找不到听力题的答案啊。。。

名字是个词儿UID: 2707493

TPO 14-3


Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in a biologyclass.

Professor
Almost all animals have some way ofregulating their body temperature; otherwise they wouldn’t survive extreme hotor cold conditions. Sweating, panting, swimming to cooler or warmer water,ducking into somewhere cool like a burrow or a hole under a rock, these arejust a few. And that spot is colder or warmer than the surrounding environmentbecause it’s a microclimate. A microclimate is a group of climate conditionsthat affect a localized area, weather features like temperature, wind, moisterand so on. And when I say localized, I mean really localized, becausemicroclimates can be, as the name suggests, pretty small, even less than asquare meter. And microclimates are affected by a huge number of othervariables, obvious, weather conditions in the surrounding area are a factor,but other aspects of the location, like, um, the elevation of the land, theplant life nearby and so on have a substantial affect on microclimates, and ofcourse the human development in the area, um, a rod will affect a nearbymicroclimate.

It’s also interesting to know thatmicroclimates that are near each other can have very different conditions. Inthe forest, for example, there can be a number of very different microclimatesclose to each other, because of all the variables I just mentioned.

Student
So how does a hole in the ground, a burrow,stay cool in a hot climate?

Professor
Well, since cold air sinks, and these spotsare shaded, they are usually much cooler than the surrounding area. And thesespots are so important, because many animals rely on microclimates to regulatetheir body temperature. Um, for instance, there is a species of squirrel in thewestern part of the United States
thatcan get really hot when they are out foraging for food, so they need a way tocool down. So what’d they do? They go back to their own burrow. Once they getthere, their body temperatures decrease very, very quickly, the trip to theburrow prevents the squirrel form getting too hot.

Student
But squirrels are mammals, right? I thoughtmammals regulated their temperature internally.

Professor
Mammals do have the ability to regulatetheir body temperature, but not all can do it to the same degree, or even thesame way, like when you walk outside on a hot day, you perspire, and your bodycools itself down, a classic example of how mammals regulate its own bodytemperature, but one challenge the squirrels face, well, many small mammals do,is that because of their size, sweating would make them lose too much moister,they dehydrate. But on the other hand, their small size allows them to fit intovery tiny spaces. So for small mammals, microclimates can make a bigdifference, they rely on microclimates for survival.

Student
So cold blooded animals, like reptile, theycan’t control their own body temperate, so I can imagine the effectmicroclimate would have on them.

Professor
Yes. Many reptiles and insects rely onmicroclimates to control their body temperature. A lot of reptiles use burrowsor stay under rocks to cool down, of course with reptiles, it’s a balancingact. Staying in the heat for too long can lead to problems, but staying in thecold can do the same. So reptiles have to be really precise about where theyspend their time, even how they position their bodies. And when I say they’reprecise, I mean it. Some snakes will search out a place under rocks for specificthickness, because too thin a rock doesn’t keep them cool enough, and too thicka rock will cause them to get too cold. That level of precision is critical tothe snake for maintaining its body temperature. And even microscopic organismsrely on microclimates for survival. Think about this, decomposing leaves createheat that warms the soil; the warm soil in turn affects the growth, theconditions of organisms there. And those organisms then affect the rate of decompositionof the leaves. So a microclimate can be something so small and so easilydisturbed that even a tiny change can have a big impact. If someone on a hikeknocks a couple of rocks over, they could be unwillingly destroying amicroclimate that an animal or organism relies on.

名字是个词儿UID: 2707493

TPO 14-1
Narrator
Listen to a conversation between a studentand a library employee.
Student
Hi,I’m looking for this book, the AmericanJudicial System, and I can’tseem to find it anywhere. I need to read a chapterfor my politicalscience class.
Librarian
Let me check in the computer. Um, doesn’tseem to be checked out, and it’s not on reserve. You’ve checked the shelves, Iassume.
Student
Yeah, I even checked other shelves andtables next to where the book should be.
Librarian
Well,it’s still here in the library, sopeople must be using it. You know,this seems to be a very popular book tonight,we show six copies, noneare checked out, and yet you didn’t even find one copyon the shelves.Is it a big class?
Student
Maybe about 75.
Librarian
Well, you should ask your professor to putsome of the copies on reserve. You know about the reserve system, right?
Student
Iknow that you have to read reservebooks in the library, and that youhave time limits, but I didn’t know that Icould ask a professor to puta book on reserve, I mean I thought the professorsmake that kind ofdecision at the beginning of the semester.
Librarian
Oh, they can put books on reserve at anytime during the semester.
Student
You know, reserving books seems a bitunfair, what if someone who is not in the class wants to use the book?
Librarian
That’s why I said SOME copies.
Student
Ah. Well, I’ll certainly talk to myprofessor about it tomorrow, but what am I gonna do tonight?
Librarian
I guess you could walk around the policysection and look at the books waiting to be re-shelved.
Student
There do seem to be more than normal.
Librarian
Weare a little short staff right now,someone quit recently, so thingsaren’t getting re-shelved as quickly as usual,I don’t think they’vehired a replacement yet, so, yeah, the un-shelved bookscan get a bitout of hand.
Student
This may sound a bit weird, but I’ve beenthinking about getting a job. Um, I’ve never worked in a library before, but…
Librarian
Well,that’s not a requirement. The jobmight still be open. At the beginningof the semester, we were swamped with applications,but I guess everyonewho wants a job has one by now.
Student
What can you tell me about the job?
Librarian
Well,we work between 6 and 10 hours aweek, so it’s a reasonable amount,usually we can pick the hours we want towork, but since you’d bestarting so late in the semester, I’m not sure howthat would work foryou. And…oh, we get paid the normal university rates forstudentemployees.
Student
So, who do I talk to?
Librarian
I guess you’d talk to Dr. Jenkins, the headlibrarian, she does the hiring.

名字是个词儿UID: 2707493

TPO14-2
Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in a psychologyclass.

We’vesaid that the term Cognition refersto mental states like knowing andbelieving, and to mental processes that weuse to arrive at thosestates. So, for example, reasoning is a cognitive process,so isperception. We use information that we perceive through our sensestohelp us make decisions to arrive at beliefs and so on, and then therearememory and imagination, which relate to the knowledge of things thathappenedin the past or may happen in the future. So perceiving,remembering, imaginingare all internal mental processes that lead toknowing or believing. Yet eachof these processes has limitations, andcan lead us to hold mistaken beliefs ormake false predictions. Takememory for example, maybe you’ve heard of studiesin which people hear alist of related words, um, let’s say a list of differentkinds of fruit,after hearing this list, there presented was several additionalwords.In this case, we’ll say the additional words were blanket andcherry,neither of these words was on the original list, and whilepeople will claimcorrectly that blanket was not on the original list,they’ll also claimincorrectly that the word cherry was on the list,most people are convincedthey heard the word cherry on the originallist. Why did they make such asimple mistake? Well, we think becausethe words on the list were so closelyrelated, the brain stored only thegist of what it heard, for example, that allthe items on the list weretypes of fruit, when we tap our memory, our brainsoften fill indetails, and quite often these details are actually false. Wealso seethis fill in phenomenon with perception.

Perception is thefaculty that allows us toprocess information in the present as we takeit in via our senses. Again,studies have shown that people will fill ininformation that they thought they perceivedeven when they didn’t. Forexample, experiments have been done where a personhears a sentence, butit’s missing the word that logically completes it, they’llclaim to hearthat word even though it was never said. So if I were to say, ah,thesun rises in the…and then fail to complete the sentence, people willoftenclaim to have heard the word east. In cognitive psychology, wehave a phrase forthis kind of inaccurate filling in of details; it’scalled a blind spot. Theterm originally referred to the place in oureyes where the optic nerveconnects the back of the eye to the brain.There are no photo receptors in thearea where the nerve connects to theeye, so that particular area of the eye isincapable of detectingimages. It produces a blind spot in our field of vision,we aren’t awareof it, because the brain fills in what it thinks belongs in theimage,so the picture always appears complete to us. But the term blindspothas also taken on a more general meaning, it refers to people beingunaware ofa bias that may affect their judgment about a subject, andthe same blind spotphenomenon that affects memory and perception alsoaffects imagination.

Imagination is a faculty that somepeopleuse to anticipate future events in their lives, but the ease withwhich weimagine details can lead to unrealistic expectations and canbias ourdecisions. So, um, Peter, suppose I ask you to imagine a lunchsalad, noproblem, right? But I bet you imagine specific ingredients;did yours have tomatoes,onion, lettuce? Mine did. Our brains fill inall sorts of details that mightnot be part of other people’s image of asalad, which could lead to disappointmentfor us, if the next time weorder a salad in a restaurant, we have our imaginesalad in mind that’snot necessarily what we’ll get on our plate. The problemis not that weimagine things, but that we assume what we’ve imagined isaccurate. Weshould be aware that our imagination has this built-in feature,theblind spot, which makes our predictions fall short of reality.

名字是个词儿UID: 2707493

TPO 14-4

Narrator
Listen to a conversation between a studentand his faculty advisor.
Professor
Hi, Steve, I scheduled this appointmentcause it’s been a while since we touched base.
Student
I know, I’ve been really busy, a friend ofmine works on the school paper, he asked me if I’d like to try reporting, so Idid, and I really love it.
Professor
Hey, that sounds great.
Student
Yeah, the first article I wrote, it was aprofile of the chemistry professor, the one who is named Teacher of The Year,my article ran on the front page, when I saw my name, I mean my byline inprint, I was hooked. Now I know this is what I want to do, be a reporter.
Professor
Isn’t it great to discover something thatyou really enjoy? And I read the article too, it was very good.
Student
To be honest, the article got lots ofediting, in fact, I barely recognized a couple of paragraphs. But the editorexplained why the changed were made, I learned a lot. And my second articledidn’t need nearly as many changes.
Professor
Oh, sounds like you got a real knack forthis.
Student
Yeah, anyway, I’m glad you scheduled thismeeting, cause I want to change my major to journalism now.
Professor
Um, the university doesn’t offer a major injournalism.
Student
Oh, no!
Professor
But…
Student
I mean, should I transfer to anotherschool, or major in English?
Professor
Wait a minute. Let me explain why the majorisn’t offered. Editors of newspapers, editors…I mean, when you apply for areporting job, editors look at two things, they want to see clips, you know, someof your published articles, they’ll also want you to try out. They’ll give youan assignment, like, um, covering a press conference or some other event, thensee if you can craft a story about it, accurately, on deadline.
Student
So they don’t even look at my major?
Professor
Well, it’s not that they don’t look at it,it’s…well, having a degree in something other than journalism should actuallywork to your advantage.
Student
How?
Professor
Most journalists specialized these days,they only write about science, or business, or technology, for example. Isthere a type of reporting you think you might like to specialize in?
Student
Well, I think it’d be really cool to coverthe supreme court, I mean, their decisions affect so many people.
Professor
Well, that’s really a goal worth strivingfor. So why not continue majoring in political science? And electives, youcould take some pre-law classes, like constitutional law, and as for your workon the student newspaper, maybe they’d like you cover some local court cases.Ones that students and professors here would want to read about.
Student
Do you know of any?
Professor
Well, I do, actually. There is a caseinvolving this computer software program that one of our professors wrote, thedistrict court’s deciding of the university is entitled to any of the professor’sprofits.
Student
Wow, I’ll definitely follow up on that.

名字是个词儿UID: 2707493

TPO 14-5

Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomyclass.

Professor
OK, last time we talked about ancientagricultural civilizations that observed the stars and then used thoseobservations to keep track of the seasons. But today I want to talk about theimportance of stars for early seafarers, about how the fixed patterns of starswere used as navigational aids.

OK, you’ve all heard about the Vikings andtheir impressive navigation skills, but the seafaring peoples of the pacificislands, the Polynesians and the Micronesians, were quite possibly the world’sgreatest navigators. Long before the development of, uh, advanced navigationaltools in Europe, pacific islanders were travelling from New Zealand to Hawaiiand back again, using nothing but the stars as their navigational instruments.

Um, the key to the pacific islanders’success was probably their location near the equator. What that meant was thatthe sky could be partitioned, divided up, much more symmetrically than it couldfarther away from the equator. Unlike the Vikings, early observers of the starsin Polynesia or really anywhere along the equator would feel that they were atthe very center of things, with the skies to the north and the skies to thesouth behaving identically, they could see stars going straight up in the eastand straight down in the west. So it was easier to discern the order in the skythan farther north or farther south, where everything would seem more chaotic.Take the case of the Gilbert Islands, they are part of Polynesia, and lie veryclose to the equator. And the people there were able to divide the sky into symmetricalboxes, according to the main directions, north, east, south and west. And theycould precisely describe the location of a star by indicating its position inone of those imaginary boxes. And they realized that you had to know the starsin order to navigate. In fact there was only one word for both in the GilbertIslands, when you wanted the star expert, you ask for a navigator.

Um, islanders from all over the pacificlearned to use the stars for navigation, and they passed this knowledge downfrom generation to generation. Some of them utilized stone structures calledstone canoes, ah, and these canoes were on land, of course, and you can stillsee them on some islands today. They were positioned as if they were heading inthe direction of the points on the sea horizon where certain stars would appearand disappear during the night, and, um, young would-be navigators sat by thestones at night and turned in different directions to memorize theconstellations they saw, so they could recognize them and navigate by themlater on when they went out to sea.

One important way the Polynesians had for orientingthemselves was by using zenith stars. A zenith was a really bright star thatwould pass directly overhead at a particular latitude…at a particular distancefrom the equator, often at a latitude associate with some particular pacificisland. So the Polynesians could estimate their latitude just by looking straightup. By observing whether a certain zenith star passed directly overhead atnight, they’d know if they have reached the same latitude as a particularisland they were trying to get to. Um, another technique used by thePolynesians was to look for a star pair, that’s two stars that rise at the sametime, or set at the same time, and navigators could use these pairs of stars asreference points, because they rise or set together only at specific latitudes.So navigators might sea one star pair setting together
and, uh…would know how far north or south of the equator theywere. And if they kept on going, and the next night they saw the pairs of starssetting separately, then they would know that they were at a different degreeof latitude. So looking at rising and setting star pairs is a good technique,um, actually it makes more sense with setting stars, they can be watchedinstead of trying to guess when they’ll rise.

Uh, OK, I think all this shows thatnavigating doesn’t really require fancy navigational instruments, the peoplesof the pacific islands had such expert knowledge of astronomy as well asnavigation that they were able to navigate over vast stretches of open ocean,uh, it's even possible that Polynesian navigators had already sailed to theAmericas, centuries before Columbus.

名字是个词儿UID: 2707493

TPO 14-6


Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in anarcheology class.

Professor
When we think of large monumental structures built byearly societies, an Egyptian pyramid probably comes to mind, but there are someeven earlier structures in the British ialse[aisle]also worth discussing, and besides the well known circle of massive stones ofstone henge[Stonehenge], which, don’t get mewrong, is remarkable enough, well, other impressive Neolithic structures arefound there too. Oh yes, we are talking about the Neolithic period here, alsocall the new stone age, which was the time before stone tools began to bereplaced by tools made of bronze and other metals. It was about five thousandyears ago, even before the first Egyptian pyramid, that some amazing Neolithic monuments,tombs, were erected at various sites around Ireland, Great Britain, and coastalislands nearby. I’m referring in particular to structures that in some caseslook like ordinary natural hills, but were definitely built by humans, wellorganized communities of humans, to enclose a chamber, or room with stonewalls, and sometimes with a high, cleverly designed ceiling of overlappingstones. These structures are called passage graves, because the inner-chamber,sometimes several chambers in fact, could only be entered from the outsidethrough a narrow passage way.

Student
Excuse me, professor, but you said passagegraves, were these just monuments to honor the dead buried there, or were theydesigned to be used somehow by the living?

Professor
Ah, yes, good question, Michael. Besidesbeing built as tombs, some of these passage graves were definitely what memight call astronomical calendars, with chambers that were flooded withsunlight on certain special days of the year, which must have seem oracularand inspired a good deal of religious wonder. But research indicates that notjust light, but also the physics of sound helped enhance these religiousexperiences.

Student
How so?

Professor
Well, first the echoes. When the religiousleader started chanting with echoes bouncing off these stone walls over andover again, it must have seem like a whole chores[chorus]of other voices, spirits of Gods, maybe, joining in. But even more intriguingis what physicists call standing waves. Basically, the phenomenon of standingwaves occurs when sound waves of the same frequency reflect off the walls andmeet from opposite direction. So the volume seems to alternate between veryloud and very soft. You can stand quite near a man singing in a loud voice andhardly hear him, yet step a little further away and his voice is almost deafening.As you move around the chamber, the volume of the sound goes way up and waydown, depending on where you are in these standing waves.

And often the acoustics make it hard to identifywhere sounds are coming from, it’s as if powerful voices are speaking to you,or chanting from inside your own head. This had to engender a powerful sense of allin Neolithic worshipers.

And another bit of physics at play here issomething called resonates.I’m no physicist, but, well, I imagine you’ve all blown air over the top of anempty bottle and hear the sound it makes, and you’ve probably noticed thatdepending on its size, each empty bottle plays one particular musical note, oras a physicist might put it, each bottle resonates at a particular frequency.Well, that’s true of these chambers too, if you make a constant noise insidethe chamber, maybe by steadily beating a drum at a certain rate, a particularfrequency of sound or resonate will ring out intensely, depending on the sizeof the chamber. In some of the larger chambers, though, this intensify soundmay be too deep for us to hear. We can feel it, we are mysteriously agitated by it, but it’s not asound our ears can hear. The psychological affects of all these extraordinarysounds can be profound, especially when they seem so disconnected from thehuman doing drumming or chanting. And there can be observable physical affectson people too. In fact, the sounds can cause headaches, feelings of dizziness,increase heart rate, that sort of thing, you see. Anyway, what was experiencedinside one of these passage graves clearly could be far more intense than theeveryday reality outside, which made them very special places. But back youyour question, Michael, as to whether these graves were designed to be used bythe living, well, certainly with regard to astronomical or chemical function,that seems pretty obvious, and I want to go into more detail on that now.

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

场景分类-历史-①舞蹈

Good morning, my name is Pan Johnson, and I ___a [on behalf of the] modern dance club. I'd like to welcome ___ [you to]tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of the catherine wheel. T___[Twyla Tharp's] thoughts? rock ballet. This vedio version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some admissions[animation], low[slow] motion and ___[stop-action freezes] that really help audience understand the dance. The __[title] of  the pace[piece] refers to __[Saint] catherine who died on the[a] __[wheel] in 307AD. Nowadays, a catherine wheel is also a kind of fire work, it looked something like a __[pin] wheel? Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fire works. You'll see how __ though[Twylar Tharp] explores one family's attend[attempt] to confront the __[violence] to[in] modern life. The centre[central] symbol of the work is a pinapple, but exactly what a[it] represence[represents] has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for the[this] piece is full of __[rhythmic] energy of rock music. It was composed by D__B__[David Byrne]of the rock band talking heads? And the lead dancer in this version was __[Sara Rudner] who is perfectly suited __ __[to Tharp's] adventures[adventurous] ___[choregraphy]. Following  the vedio, dance ___[teacher Mary Parker will lead a] discussion about the symbolism ___[Miss Tharp] used. We hope we[you] can save?[stay] for that, so enjoy tonight's vedio and thank you for your support.

生词:
ob behalf of 代表
choreography 编舞,舞蹈艺术

辨音困难的词汇:
animation     n活泼
violence        n激烈,暴力
rhythmic      a有节奏的
attempt       n企图

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

场景分类-历史篇-②Monticello

Before studying[starting] our tool[tour] of m___[Monticello], I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more. M_[Monticello] was a[the] very much loved home of Thomas Jeffson for over 15 years. Jeffson who was , of course, president, was also a great reader and language __[enthusiast]. He read widely on different subjects including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study in[and] observatiion of other buildings. He was able to help design in[and] build the house. He choose[chose] the side[site] himself naming the estate m__[Monticello] which means little mountain in Italian?. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also come[came] from the Intalian architect on __ ___[Andrea Palladio] who lived in the 16 century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England. Jeffson, however, ignore one of the p__[Palladio] principles that is not to build in a high place. M--[Monticello's] elevation main to[made the] transportation what was needed to[at] that[the] house. For example, food., especially different but the view for[from] this[the] estate would not be as particular?[spectacular] as[if] Jeffson had followed p__[Palladio's] advice. There really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it. And so Jeffson was able to look on his b__[beloved] s__[state] junior?[Virginia] from his wonderful advantage point. Now, I[we]'ll go on to Jeffson's library.

生词:
Monticello  蒙蒂赛洛<美国地名>
Andrea Palladio 安德里亚.帕拉迪奥 <人名>
spectacular 壮观的
beloved  心爱的,挚爱的

辨音困难词:
tour & tool =>一个发'额'的音, 一个发'l'的音
side & site
estate  资产,房产
Virginia  弗吉尼亚
vantage  有利情况,优势

PS: 总共听了3遍, 整体听力水平还很差.. 看那些红红的就知道了..

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

为了检验跟读听读的效果.今天听写TPO-8 Lecture①Animal Behavior Class

Ok,well, last time we talk about habitat selection, like plants for example. They don't make active choice about where to grow. They are dispered by some other agent, like the wind. And if the seeds land in a suitable habitat, they do well and reproduce. With active habitat's selection, an organism<听写时反应慢了.> is able to physically select where to live and breed. And because the animal breeding habitat is so important, we expect animal species to develop preferences<还是慢了> for particular types of habitats. Places where their offspring have the best chance for survival. So let's look at the effect the preference can have by looking at some examples. But first let's recap. What do we mean by habitat? Frank?

Well, it's basically the place or environment where an organism normally lives and grows.

Right, and as we discussed, there are some key elements that habitat must contain, food, obviously, water and is got have a right climate and speices[basics] for physical protection. And we are[were] sound how important habitat selection is when we look at some of the habitats are removed. Perhaps through habitats' construction.  I just read about the short bird, the plover.

The plover lives by the ocean and feeds on the[small] shellfish insects in plants. It blends in with the sand, so it well camousflage from the predetor birds above. But it lags eggs in shallow depressions in the sand with very little protection around them. So if their are people or the dogs on the beach, the eggs and fledglings in the nest are really vulnerable. Outing California weather has been a lot of human development by the ocean. The plovers are now threaten species. So conservation is tried to create a new habitat for them. They made artificial beaches and sun bask in the areas inaccessible for people and dogs. And the plover population is up quite a bit in those places.

Ok, that is incidence where habitat made less suitable. But what about cases that where animal basics made[exhibits] a clear choice between two suitable habitats in cases like that. Does the preference matter? Well, let's look at the blue warbler.

The blue warbler is a song bird that lives in North America. They clearly prefer hard wood forests with dense shrubs, bushes, underneath the trees. They actually nest in the shrubs, not the trees. So they are pretty close to the ground, but this[these] warbler also nests in the forests that have low shrub density. It's usually the younger warblers that nesting[next to] these areas because prefers spots where their lots of shrubs are taken by the older more dominant birds.

And the choice of habitat seems to affect reproductive success. Because the older and more experienced birds who nests in the high density shrub areas have significantly more offspring that those in the low density  areas, which suggests that the choice that[of] where to nest does have impact on the number of chicks they have. But prefered environment doesn't always seem to correlate with greater reproductive success. For example, in Europe, study has been done in blackcap warblers, we just call them blackcaps.

The blackcaps can be found in two different enrivonments, their prefered habitat is forest that near the edge of the streams. However, blackcaps also live in pine woods away from water. Study has been done on the reproductive success rate for the birds in both areas and the result showed, surprisingly, the reproductive success was essentially the same in both areas the prefered and the second choice habitat. Well, why?

It turned out that there are actully four times as many birds pairs or couples living in the stream edge habitat compared to the area away from the stream. So the stream edge area had much denser population which made[meant] more members of same species competeing for the resources. One into feed on the same things or bulid their nests in the same places, which lower the suitability of prime habitat, even though is their prefered habitat. So the resluts for the study suggests that when the number of competitors in the prime habitat reaches a certain point, the second random habitat become just as successful as the prime habitat, just because their fewer members of same species there. So it looks like competetion for resources in[is] another important factor in determining the particular habitat is suitable.

一遍听写,中间倒回去听过几句话. 总体看还是听写结果还可以. 但是听写时还是觉得速度不够. 因为还需要反应的时间.
那么 就是还不够到位.. 先这样吧..

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

TPO-8 Lecture2 Art history Class

We've been talking about the art in the late 19 century in Paris, and today I'd like to look at the woman who went to Paris at that time to become artists. Now, from your reading, what do you know about Paris? about the art world of Paris during the late 19 century.

People came there from all over the world to study.

It had a lot of art schools and artists who talk[taught<我晕,我怎么写成talk?..>] painting? There were, our book mention is classes for women artists. And it was a good place to go to study art.

If you want to become an artist, Paris was not a good place to go. Paris was the VE place to go. And women could find skills and instructors there. Before the late 19 century, if they.. women who want to become an artist, has[have to] take private lessons or learn from family members. They had[have] more limited options than man did.

But around 1870s, some artists in Paris began to offer classes for female students. These classes were for women only. And by the end of the 19 century, it began much more common for women and men to study together in the same classes. So within the few decades, things had changed significantly. Ok, let's back up again and talk about the time period from 1860 to the 1880s and talk more abut what happened in women's art classes. In 1868, a private art academy open in Paris, and for decades it was probably the most famous private art school in the world. It's founder-Roldogh Jullian was a cannie[canie] businessman and quickly eastablish his school as premiere destination for women artists. What he did was? After an initial trial<想一想才写出来的.. 晕..> period of  __[mixed<老半天听不出是个啥单词.. 一看script就倒了..当初听读也栽这里.. 还是没消化好..>] classes, he changes the school's policy, he completely separated the man and woman students.

Any reason[奇怪.. 怎么漏掉了..] Why he did that?

Well, like I said, Jullian was a brilliant businessman with progressive ideas. He thought another small private art school where all the students were women was very popular at that time. And that's why he probably adopted women only in classes. These classes were typically offer by an establish artist and were held in the studio, the place where they painted. It was a big deal because finally women could starting art in a formal setting. And there was another benefit to the groups setting of[in] these classes. The classes included weekly criticism and the teacher would rank the art of all the students in the class from best to worst. How would you like if I did that in this class?

No way! But our textbook said the competetive, the competetion  was good for women. It helps them see where they need to improve.

Isn't that interesting? One woman artist, her name was Marry Bashkirseff. Bashkieseff once worte how she felt about her classmate's art work, she thught her classmate's art was much better than her own and it gave an incentive to do better. Overall the competition in the women's art class gave women more confidence. Confidence that they  could also compete in the art world after their schooling. And even the Bashkirseff couldn't study in the same classes as man, she was having an impact as an artist. Now just look at the salon. What do you know about the salon?

It was a big exhibition, a big art show and they had in Paris every year. The art had been[to be] accepted by judeges.

It was a big deal and you can make the[a] name for yourself.

You can have a sculpture or painting in the salon and go back to your home countries and said[saying] you've[were] been success in Paris.

It was sort of.. a seat of approval. It was a great encouragement for artists career. And by the last two decades of 19 century, one fifth in the painting of salon were by women, much higher than in the past. In fact, Marry Bashkirseff self had a painting in the salon in 1881. Interestinly, this masterpiece called in the studio is the painting of the interior of Jullian's art school. It's not in your textbook, I'll show you next week. The painting depicts active crowed studio with woman drawing and painting life model. It was actually, Bashkirseff actually follow Jullian savvy suggestion and painting her fellow students in the[a] class at the school was the artist herself at far right. A great advertisement for the school, one of[when<离谱..==">] the painting eventually hung up on[at] the salon for a  women studio had never been painted before.<话说最后一句也是听读时候 最恶心我的地方..>

红色还是不少.. 今天还漏听了几处.. 还是没过关 不达标.. 继续~~