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本帖最后由 jiangskysky 于 2010-5-22 11:12 编辑
TPO 8 L 5
so what 've been talking about the printing press,how it change peope's life,making books accessible to everyone.More books meant more reading.right?well,as you know,not evevryone has the perfect vision,This increasing in reading in literacy lead to the increasing demand for eye glasses.And,,here something you probably have not thought of ,thsi increase demands impact on the social attitude towards the glasses,First of all .Let's us back up a bit and talk about the vision correction before the printting press.And,,what do the people with the poor vision do? I mean ,especially those few people who were actually literate,what do they do before the glasses was invented?well,they have different ways of dealing with the not seeing well.If you think about it,poor vision wasn't their only problem,I mean,think about thr conditions they lived in ,houses were dark,sometimes there weren't any windows ,candles were the only source of light.So in some places,like Ancient Greece for example,the wealthy people with poor vision would have someone else read to them,easy solution if you could afford it.Another solution was something called reading stone,Around 1000CE,European monks would take a piece of clear rock often the quartez and place it on top of the reading material.The clear rock magnify the letter,making them appear larger,eh,was like what happened when a drop of water falls on something,whatever below the water appear larger,right?well,the reading stone was seen(works)in a similar way,bur rock like quartez,quartez of optical quality won't cheap,in late in thr eighteen century,glass maker in Italy came up with a less expensive alternatives,they may reading stones out of the clear glass.And these clear reading stones evolve into the eye glasses we know today.So we are pretty sure the glasses was invented in the about the late 1200s.well over 100 years before the printing press,But it is bot clear who exactly invent them first or exactly what year,bur record shows they are invented both in Europe and China at about the same time,by the way,we call this indepedent discovery.Independent discovery means when somrthing is invented in different parts of the world at the same time.And it is not unusual as it sounds.You can look at the Thailand (timelines这个词me没发音)charts in the back of your test book to see when things were invented in different cultures at the same time to see what I am talking about.So now let's tie this to what I said before about the societal attitudes towards the glasses.Initially,in the parts of Eurpean and China,glasses were symbol of wisdom and intelligience.This is evident in the Art world in the period.European paintings usually portrait the doctor and the judge wearing glasses.In China,the glasses were very expensive,so in addtion to the intellgience,they also symbolize affluence.In 14th century chinese portraits,the bigger the glasses,the smater and the wealthier the subject was.
So glasses were a (status symbol )in some parts of the world.So let's geeting back to the pringting press in 1440.What happened?Suddenly the book became readily available.And more people wanted to read,and the need,sorry actually ont only the need,but demand,for more affordable glasses rose drastically.Eventually,inexpensive glasses were produced and the glasses were available to everyone,people could purchase them easily from the travelling (peddler 小贩).
有些词听的不准,出现误听。 |
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