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发表于 2010-2-16 13:08:12
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99# 小黄瓜的解夏
The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of West Egg.
"Two years ago, our consultants predicted that West Egg's landfill, which is used for garbage disposal, would be completely filled within five years.(背景) During the past two years, however, town residents have been recycling twice as much aluminum and paper as they did in previous years. Next month the amount of material recycled should further increase, since charges for garbage pickup will double. Furthermore, over ninety percent of the respondents to a recent survey said that they would do more recycling in the future. Because of our residents' strong commitment to recycling, the available space in our landfill should last for considerably longer than predicted."
words:659 用时一小时
以下是全文
In this argument, the arguer concludes that the available space in the landfill could last for considerably longer than previously predicted(这两个词可以倒过来), because of the local residents’ strong commitment to recycling.(嗯,可能的话尽量原文改写一下。) To substantiate this conclusion, the arguer cites a series(嘛,这里要是直接说三个,印象分会提高不少吧。) of evidence including the increased amount of recycled aluminum and paper, the fact that charges for garbage pick up will double next month, and the result of (a)recent survey showing that respondents will do more recycling in the future. However, I find this argument weak,(逗号可以不加) with several critical flaws.
第一段概括原文效率还是很高的。只是有一个大问题:
你画成背景的地方不是背景哈。再读一遍,两年之前的那个prediction那个是我们自己的人推测的。这一点不能take for granted,最好在一开始就进行攻击。
如果可能的话,用稍微漂亮一点的语言来概括一下这三个原文论据会更好。现在的语言基本都是原文照抄,这样不大好。
To begin with, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization(X以后不要这样写了。从你的固定句式中拿出去。)by citing the increased recycling of aluminum and paper to prove that the total amount recycling of garbage has inevitably increased.(注意看好这里哈:你现在第一句话,也就是TS,说了一件事,“原文这里不对。”只说了这六个字。今后TS尽量说这样一件事:“原文这里哪儿不对。” It is entirely possible that the residents only have willingness to recycle these to materials due to their willingness to save money.(居然攻击了这么小不点儿的一点,挺震惊的。注意读题哈:原文说的是只有铝和纸的回收率很高,它们能占多少垃圾量呢?) If so, maybe they would not like to recycle other kinds of garbage which are cheap and unsuitable for reuse.(而且这里提到了money让人很奇怪。与原文完全无关而且并不能说是最直接的推测。) For that matter, without providing more information about residents’ recycling of other materials, the arguer could not substantiate the residents’ thorough commitment of recycling.(最后这个结论也不好。应该和这一段段首的TS对应。也就是“铝和纸不能代表XXXX”。而你这里套了原argument后边的一句话,和这段关系不大。)
In addition, the arguer unnecessarily establishes a causal relationship between the increased charges for garbage pick up and the increased amount of recycling.(同上。) This causal relationship is based on the assumption that the residents’ would not like to pay relatively high fee for garbage pick up. However, we could not find sufficient and concrete evidence to substantiate this assumption.(这一段直到这儿还没有任何信息量哈。) It is entirely possible that they tend to accept the doubled charges because it is still very low, or even if the doubled charge is too high, they have to choose garbage pick up because busy work makes them have no time to do recycling.(第一点还挺在理,第二点怎么看怎么像没理找理。) If so, the amount of recycling will not increase. Without ruling out these and other possibilities, I could not accept assertion that the increased charges will lead to further increase of recycling.(最后这个结尾句还是没有信息量。这一段的信息量就在中间的两行,而且都没啥太大的说服力。)
Moreover, whether the result of survey cited by the arguer could demonstrate the commitment of local residents is open to doubt. For one thing, common sense informs me(最好不要出现I ME US之类) that the respondents' actual behaviors are not always in strict accordance with their answers in the survey. Perhaps they are not entirely forthright in the survey, or perhaps they agree that recycling is important, but fails to take it as a habitual behavior. For another, the arguer fails to prove that the respondents' answers could accurately reflect opinions of the whole general group. It is entirely possible that only a few of residents involves in the survey, and other residents do not hold the same attitude towards the recycling as the respondents do.(光看你这句话觉得说服力不大。你可以再提出一个假设:如这些接受调查的都是这个landfill的常客呀,住得离这儿最近呀,或者干脆就是一个无回收意识的小区(里头住的全是一帮暴发户懒得回收啦)等等。) In short, without ruling out all above-mentioned possibilities, the author’s assumption remains untenable and unconvincing.(最后这句话都看腻了。请和这段的TS产生关联。)
Last but not least, even assuming that the arguer could substantiate all of the foregoing assumptions, and concludes that the residents’ commitment to recycling is strong enough now, the causal relationship between the residents' commitment and the availability of space in landfill is still unconvincing.(就像在body1里面我说的一样,TS的作用不是“这儿有问题”,而是“这儿有什么问题”。) Other factors could also result in a completely filled landfill. Will the population in this area increase significantly in future? If so, although the current residents’ would like to recycle, the total amount of garbage will still increase a lot. The arguer also unfairly ignores other kinds of garbage except household waste, such as industrial refuse.(这个放在这里讨论就不恰当了。应该放在BODY 1里面。) Perhaps some factories will be established in this area in the future, and the landfill will be full of a large amount of industrial refuse very soon. In that case, even the previous prediction should be reconsidered, not to mention the arguer’s conclusion.(这段有点儿没病找病的感觉。问题不在你找的东西不合理,而在于你论证的方式。一开始你就说“哎呀就算他说的对也未必能行!”然后举出了一些看似很突发的事件。突然修一座大工厂把这儿占了还好,那个“人口在两年内飙升”实在是有泼妇之嫌。如果说这儿突然冒出座火山然后把所有人活埋了,是不是这个垃圾场就没人用了呀。
但如果你这样说可能会好一点:虽然作者列举出了许多因素,但是这些因素都是比较片面的局部因素。作者并没有列出这个地区的整体的宏观的发展情况,如有无快速增长的工业呀,是否是政策人口迁入地区呀,是否是战争前沿地带的refugee收容区呀,等等。当然这样扯的话就太远了……时间未必够。)
To sum up, the argument made lacks credibility as its stands. To strengthen the assumption that the residents have strong commitment to recycle, the author ought to provide more concrete and sufficient evidence. To solidify the prediction as a result of residents’ commitment, we need further information to rule out other possible situations which may disprove it.
自己觉得有一些问题但是不知道怎么解决:
1 看过一些板油对时态的讨论,仍然不得要领,所以就按照一般时态来的,不知道可以不可以,如果不行,具体哪里有时态错误能告诉我一下吗?谢谢
没啥时态错误。
2 字数觉得太多了考试的时候限时不一定能写完,可能自己废话比较多吧,而且不知道如何取舍重要错误和次要错误,总觉得每个都很重要,,,关于语言精简有什么好的意见和建议吗?谢谢
当你觉得每个都重要的时候,就都用差不多的篇幅去说。当你脑袋里的知识储存或者你脑袋里的灵感与文章里某个错误正好对应上的时候,就尽着自己的性子多说一点儿,说详细一点儿。这种【对应】是要靠多练习多找感觉来培养的。自然为之就好。
这篇文章中比较大的一个消息来源问题你就没有看到,这个是审题不细,没练成条件反射啦。当你发现“消息来源”与剩下的三个错误是对等关系的时候,自然就会把这个“来源”多攻击几下儿了。主次错误都是肉眼可见的,不用特地去练那个火眼金睛啦。
另:语言精简没啥建议,带着这个意识再练。而且很多时候写不完不是废话多的问题,而是思路不够通顺的问题。加油吧。 |
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