[1010G精英组] ISSUE&ARGU 习作 by Group Energy

shevavaUID: 2574709

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As for the teacher of college, who always faced with complex and controversial knowledge, it is necessary for them to have opportunities to join the practice of unprofessed experience. From these practice, teachers get to know how to bridge knowledge to practice, which really improve their qualities of instruction. Next I would like to show some of these evidences.

In my view, the students now are no more than little youngs who are always anxious about everything around them. In contrast, it is a hard work for professors if they not only want to impact knowledge to students but even like to make their classes more fantastic. Then the question comes out. How can the teacher finish this hard work? Let's have a look at Harvard University. Annul, in Harvard University Business School, they always invites many business men who are famous around the world, meanwhile, show numbers of lectures about their lives, business, families, peers and of course about themselves. From these lessons, we can believe reasonably that students there must enjoy thus classes.

Then it is objective to see that the speed of our society developing so fast that once we stop paying attention for only a minute, we will be amazing at there emerging something we don't know ever again, especially for the field of education. It is the common sense that the most advanced technology always occurs in our college. But these mechanized technology apply firstly in public live, during these process, these characters, abilities and disadvantages will surely get a change which even more advance than these first appearance. For instance, the application of the net, which was invested because the need of countless numbers exits. However as these tenants in restaurants always comes and does, it's very difficult to register them, which directly led to the new apply. Thus, we can see it clearly that if we want to catch up with our life in University, it's better for teacher to go out and have experience in society. Without these experiences which deems as necessary in their teaching, it cannot say he is a teacher with vigor and vibrancy.

On the opposite, it will be an unexpected phenomena that if teachers devote themselves in experience of society unduly. Don't forget, allow or advice these professors to go the society is a good measure to improve their teaching skills, cultivate their temperament, broaden knowledge, which will provide useful guidance for students to develop not only "faculties" but also the ability how to transform these "faculties" into profitable applications. Obviously, teachers in these academic areas should devote all their time into university life, working outside merely serving as detrimental to their educational responsibility and scientific reasarch. There is a story talking about people like these reverse their primarily aims. In ancient of China, there is a man like the tree very much, he want his tree to be the highest one with green leaves, exuberance of foliages and beautiful characters. But he just attend to the truffles and neglect the essentials. Even drop the substance of the root. The result of this is that he cannot got a tree in his heart. Just like our education, these professors who engage the work in society will be pretty good, but if they only concentrate on these details they would not enable get a progress in their enterprises.

深川翼UID: 2678109

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1 . 正文段二：当今社会信息高速发达社会发展很快，不去掌握现实生活需要学习什么样的知识而专注于课本是不能够有所得的
2．正文段三：教师必须将他们所学所教的应用到相关领域的实际中去
3．正文段四：一个大学的好坏与否正在于它能否给同学指明一个前进的方向
4. 正文段五：并非所有的学术领域都需要这样的实践经验

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A heated discussion springs up to whether all faculty at the colleges and universities should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach recently.Every coin has two sides.In the stand of my eyes,the decision will benefit both the universities and the college students rather than having harmful impacts on them.However,this opinion is not absolutely right,either.


In modern times,technology and the society is developing rapidly.What we have learned yesterday might not be useful on tomorrow morning,let alone what those faculty learned twenty years ago or more.In order to keep pace with the increasing development of modern knowledge and technology,faculty at the college should go outside the academic world to see whether what they have learned by heart is out of date.If so,they should try to obtain the new ones to make sure that their students could get the latest information.Only in this ways can knowledge be a powerful tool.


Besides keeping up with the latest information,this decision also helps the faculty put what they have learned and taught into practice.No one can reach the summit of knowledge without putting it into practice.Here we use the phrases "in professions relevant to the courses they teach",which means they do not work in those fields that have no relevance to benefiting their teaching but those that can help them think more cogently and insightly.Practice makes not only perfect,but also meaningful courses.

What I want to emphasize at last is that when we judge a college or university good or not,whether the faculty has some experience outside the academic world relevant to what they teach is a key point.The experience will help teachers plan their professional careers better which also has a leading instruction to their students when they take up.That's the true meaning of college learning.

However,I have some different ideas about whether all faculty should take actions.Everybody has diverse interests.Those fields that need complex analysis only might not be studied outside the computing world.And going too far is as bad as not going far enough,meaning redundant outside work may do harm to instruction.It is up to the college and university to make the final decision.

In conclusion,working outside the academic world relevant to the courses will improve the quality of the college and university level most time.Colleges and universities should analyse their situation and resourses to see whether their faculty need the experience and how long the working hour is the best.Knowledge is a complex identification that needs time to make it.





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小肯0113UID: 2590901

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部分同意这个观点，理由：
1、其好处在于可以帮助教授更好的理解学科领域。如心理学如果有社会学的帮助能更好理解社会现象等。交叉领域的研究是学术研究的下一个方向，比如社会心理学的广泛应用。
2、但浪费教授在本学科研究的时间，反而降低质量，大学教授更多需要的是specialist，可以作为鼓励，但不应作requirement。
同时学生在选择老师时也有不同的考虑。
3、可以增加课堂讨论，鼓励学生独立、全面思考，教授的任务是启发学生进行多角度思考而非教给他们现成的答案。

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I partially agree with the claim thatcollege or university faculty need to work on those relevant area other thanhis/her academic world. It is necessary for everyone to have some “newexperiences”, but we need to think about under which circumstances those “newthings” will benefit us, same as university professors.

It is obvious that professors willbenefit from study out of their own field. For instance, a psychologist dealwith people’s behavior and thought, with the support of socialist, he/she canhave a better understanding of behavior of individual that surrounded bystrangers. In a related world, nothing is isolated, obtaining relations betweendifferent phenomenon and predict the outcome of a decision are the essence ofacademic study. Professors can’t avoid dealing with the complicated phenomenonor social fact. It is necessary for them to know other world and take it aspreparation for their own study. Not only having more knowledge helpsprofessors to obtain a better understanding of the area they are studying butalso leading them to the interdisciplinary study. With the development ofacademic research in single discipline in last a few decades, research areabecomes more and more narrow, and interdisciplinary study will be the trend ofnext a few decades. Like Ruth Duncan said, “bring together theinterdisciplinary components and getting them working truly in collaboration isa key challenge.” In order to catch up this train of interdisciplinary study,professors should have a broader mind and a broader scope of knowledge. Think different,do different. Social Psychology, as the branch of Sociology and Psychology, hasbeen extensively used in media, crime, politic science and other areas todetermine people’s behavior and its impact. The only way to keep theirmotivation of academic research is to let them know more. From this point, therequirement is acceptable for faculties in college or university.

However, I believe that it is better toencourage faculties to study other area than requiring them to do so. Somepeople may be defended by “requiring” things especially specialists. They arewell-educated, and have their own plan of what they want to do. Some want tofocus on their own area, and work hard, try to deepen the understanding. Weshould respect their decision as specialists and individual. And also, time islimited. We can’t “require” professors spend 24 hours on teaching, studyingtheir own area and reading science journals of the related subjects. They mayknow fewer but know the information better. Meanwhile, students will chooseprofessors by taking different classes. Some students want a solid singlesubject background to support his/her study. Options and competitions exists atthe same time, and people will choose their own way, as students or professors.

Some people take professors as edifiers,not to tell students the answer but leading them finding the answer. There arelots of methods to achieve this goal, like encouraging discussion, giving themhomework, or cultivating independent thinking ability. I had a class called “Mediaand Society”. We don’t have textbook and exams on the class, but we need towrite opinion paper independently and work on a group project of the topic wechoose. The professor said, it’s more important for students to know why thanwhat, think than memorize. As long as the idea of knowing things in differentway exists in one’s mind, he/she not necessary to perceive new thing bythemselves. I think it is more effective that professors obtain an open mindand inspire students to do research and discover the answers.

To sum up, universities can encourage ormotivate faculties to spend time working on relevant subject. Just don’t use itas a requirement. Let faculties grasp the initiative of their own career, andlet students to choose what kind of professor they want.

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Revised By nanfeng25899
Ipartially agree with the claim that college or university faculty need to workon those relevant area other than his/her academic world. It is necessary foreveryone to have some “new experiences”, but we need to think about under whichcircumstances those “new things” will benefit us, same as universityprofessors.

It is obvious that professors will benefit from study out of their own field.For instance, a psychologist deal 【deals】with people’s behavior and thought, with thesupport of socialist, he/she can have a betterunderstanding of behavior of individual that surrounded by strangers. 【没连词】In a related world【有点别扭，改成in the interdependentworld会不会好一点？】, nothing is isolated, obtainingrelations between different phenomenon and predict【predicting】 the outcome of a decision are the essence ofacademic study【没有连词】.Professors can’t avoid dealing with the complicated phenomenon or social fact.It is necessary for them to know other world and take it as preparation fortheir own study. Not only【前置倒装】 having more knowledge helpsprofessors to obtain a better understanding of the area they are studying butalso leading them to the interdisciplinary study. With the development ofacademic research in single discipline in last a few decades, research areabecomes more and more narrow, and interdisciplinary study will be the trend ofnext a few decades. Like Ruth Duncan said, “bring together the interdisciplinarycomponents and getting them working truly in collaboration is a key challenge.”In order to catch up this train of interdisciplinarystudy, professors should have a broader mind and a broader scope of knowledge. Thinkdifferent, do different. Social Psychology, as the branch of Sociology and Psychology,has been extensively used in media, crime, politic science and other areas todetermine people’s behavior and its impact. The only way to keep theirmotivation of academic research is to let them know more. From this point, therequirement is acceptable for faculties in college or university.

However, I believe that it is better to encourage faculties to study other areathan requiring them to do so. Somepeople may be defended by “requiring” thingsespecially specialists. They are well-educated, and have their own plan of whatthey want to do. Some want to focus on their own area, and work hard, try todeepen the understanding. We should respect their decision as specialists andindividual. And also, time is limited. We can’t “require” professors spend 24hours on teaching, studying their own area and reading science journals of therelated subjects. They may know fewer but know the information better.Meanwhile, students will choose professors by taking different classes. Somestudents want a solid single subject background to support his/her study.Options and competitions exists【exist】 at the same time, and people will choosetheir own way, as students or professors.

Some people take professors as edifiers【？】, not to tell students the answer but leadingthem finding the answer. There are lots of methods to achieve this goal, likeencouraging discussion, giving them homework, or cultivating independentthinking ability. I had a class called “Media and Society”. We don’t havetextbook and exams on the class, but we need to write opinion paperindependently and work on a group project of the topic we choose. The professor said, it’s more important for students toknow why than what, think than memorize. As long as the idea of knowingthings in different way exists in one’s mind, he/shenot necessary to perceive new thing by themselves.【语法有点问题，而且有点费解】 I think it is moreeffective that professors obtain an open mind and inspire students to doresearch and discover the answers. 【这句话感觉和这段的主题不太协调，而且又没说完的感觉】
To sum up,universities can encourage or motivate faculties to spend time working onrelevant subject. Just don’t use it as a requirement. Let faculties grasp theinitiative of their own career, and let students to choose what kind ofprofessor they want.


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pennycleverUID: 2777479

占..最近忙复习 = =

kingwyf87UID: 2457409

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                                                             【1010G精英组】E小组第6次作业

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Argument188

A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another,

and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When

researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20

women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less

pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research

suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required,

whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should

reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

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kingwyf87UID: 2457409

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1 the women reported feeling much less pain than the men
2 the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women
1 2 --> that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication
1 2 --> researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

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1、调查的样本数量不具有代表性,除了拔牙的疼痛性以外还有其他的疼痛性
2、2、可能有其他原因导致男性疼痛时间长，仅仅缓解疼痛时间的长短不能说明kappa opioids对女性比对男性更好
3、kappa opioids也许对男性也是最有效的，也可能不需要对所有的药进行重新评估

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In this report, the author concludes that kappa opioids, a kind of painkiller, are the best for women to relieve the pain of teeth extracted, while men should be treated with another medicine. In addition, the arguer recommends that effects of all medications should be reevaluated in the light of differences between men and women. To strengthen his conclusion, the author points out a report, the after effect of using opioids, which shows that the women feel less pain than the man, and the effects lasted longer in women. The arguer depends on quite a few unconvinced assumptions, which render it unpersuasive as it stands.

To begin with, the problem that seriously weakens the logic of this argument is that the report is based on too small a sample to be reliable. Only 28 men and 20 women cannot make me to trust the author’s conclusion. It is entirely possible that the 28 men are the same kind of people who are insensitive to the kappa opioids. The effects of that medicine will show the same results in men and women. In addition, considering the report just involved the teeth extracted, one of innumerous pains, the author cannot convinced me that kappa opioids is better for women. Maybe, the kappa opioids can treat for other pains which have the same effects in both women and men.

In the second place, the arguer fails to consider that there are other factors to cause the different results between women and man. Most of these 28 men may take another medicine which reduces the real effects in the responds to the kappa opioids. Moreover, the lasted longer effects in women are not a pervasive reason for author to support his conclusions. It is entirely possible that the medicine used for the men cost less time for the whole treatment. Compare with men, the medicine for women spend much time and may have some bad side effects. Without ruling out other possibilities, the arguer cannot convince me that whether kappa opioids are more suitable for women instead of men or not.

The last but not the least, even the effect of using kappa opioids for women is better than it is down with man, the author still cannot conclude that that medicine is not the best for the men. Common sense tells us maybe that kappa opioids, though unsatisfied, are the best way for the moment to be used as treatment for men. Even the effects of taking kappa opioids vary in deferent sexes, it is no necessary for researchers to reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women, since the kappa opioids are just exceptions and the cost of reevaluation cannot afforded by the researchers.

To sum up, the conclusion, which is made by the editor, who has disregarded or chosen to ignore several aspects of his conclusion, is on the basis on scant credibility. To better bolster the reliability of the author's conclusion, the arguer must give more information about the report that testing a new medicine performance on women and man. I would also need to know whether there are other ways to explain the deferent results between women and man. And I also need other supporting details about whether it is worthy or not to reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

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Revised By /ka深川翼 Waiting…

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深川翼UID: 2678109

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1 前提一：the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women.

2 前提二：doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications
3 结论一：
kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication
4 结论二：researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women

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1 调查的人数太少，不够充足不具有说服力
2 其他的一些男女之间不同的因素也可以导致他们对疼痛感受的不同
3 kappa opioids 被结论为在何种疼痛场合都给女性开是没有根据的

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In this argument, the author suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required while it should be the last choice for men as pain medication. Moreover, the author claims that researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. I find the author's dual suggestion specious on several grounds.


The threshold problem with the argument involves the statistical reliability of the study mentioned in it. The number of male subjects, 28, as well as the number of female subjects, 20 seems to be too limited to constitute a statistically significant example. Moreover, the author provides little detail information concerning these subjects so that these subjects might not be well representative of the overall male and female populations. That is, before confirming the statistical significance and randomness of the two groups of subjects, the author cannot justifiably analyze the different feelings between men and women suffering from pain.


Furthermore, the author fails to inform us whether there are some other initial differences between the male group and the female group. Lacking such critical information, it is entirely possible that the result of the study could be explained by other difference instead of sexual disparity. Perhaps these men are older than those women on average and thereby, they felt much more pain. Or perhaps the health condition of these men is worse than that of those women. Either scenario, if true, would serve to weaken the author's assumption that it is the sex disparity that results in the different feelings of pain.


Finally, even I were to admit that the sex disparity is indeed the direct explanation to the result of the study, however, the author hastily generalizes that kappa opioids is the best choice for every kind of pain medication. Yet is might not necessarily the case. The author fails to consider the possibility that kappa opiniods may have no effect on some certain kinds of pain and that there may be some other medicine which has better effect than kappa opioids has. In addition, the author's sweeping conclusion is unwarranted that the effects of all medications on men versus women should be reevaluated. In all likely hoods, the effects of some certain medications have already been accurately evaluated and the purposed reevaluation may just a waste of time and money.



In conclusion, the author's claims are not well supported by the study cited in the argument. To make these two claims persuasive, the author needs to prove the reliability of the result of the study and the necessity to reevaluate the effects of all medications.




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nanfeng25899UID: 2629871

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1 前提一：一份新的报告指出男女对痛的感觉不同，医生应该在开止痛药是考虑这一点
2 前提二：在28名男子和20名女子的试验中，女性的痛楚小且止痛时间长
3 结论一：在开止痛药时，应该给女性K，给男性其他的药
4 结论二：应该对其他的药物进行新的评估


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1 研究对象过少，且研究的结果不可信
2 在开处方药时，应该根据实际情况来决定开什么止痛药，而不是一定要开K
3 应该对其他药重新评估的结论太武断


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The argument seems to be very reasonable and well-presented, but not to cover those facts. First of all, the generalization and reliability is really questionable. Also, the conclusion that doctors ought to prescribe the kappa opioids for women and other kind of medicine for men does not differentiae the type of the pain. Again, there are no explicit reasons to suspect the effects of other medications because of the research’s outcome.

To begin with, in accessing the result of the research, the researchers do not take into account the assumptions as well as the quantity and randomness of the sample. The research is presumes on the facts that the kappa opioids can ease the pain of the extraction of the patients’ wisdom teeth, but no obvious evidence is informed us about the effects of this medicine. If the kappa opioids is to cure the throat pain or others, there is no point conducting this experiment. In addition, the 28 men and 20 women is impossible to be representative of all the patients suffering from the teeth pain because their age or other inherent factors will largely decide their ability to recover, which is likely to collect the inaccurate even incorrect information.

What’s more, when it comes to the prescription issue for the patients, no matter what the causes of the pains are, the doctor should give the kappa opioids to women and others to men, which really make little sense. Even if the research’s consequences are tenable, there is a good chance that the kappa opioids is not the optimal option for pain which result from other diseases. Even this choice will be a extremely hazardous one for the patients just allergic to this medication. Therefore, it’s necessary for the doctors to figure out the roots of the pains and offer the grieve patients the most effective way to get rid of the pain.

Finally, reevaluating the effects of all medications seems to be slightly ridiculous, just like the following instance. In the middle examination, the cheat of a student who always skips classesand goes against the school’s principle can not means the possibility that all other students also do same. Just as with a student cheating can not be a sign of the others’, the distinguish effects of the kappa opioids can not demonstrate that the same situation goes for other medications. In order to be sure of whether the other medications have distinctive influence between men and women, more relevant evidence should be presented.

To sum up, before the author arrives at the ultimate conclusion, the randomness and the quantity of sample should be basically warranted. And it’s also indispensable to identify the origin of the pain ahead of prescribing and unnecessary to revaluate other medicines unless other facts are showed to us.



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CypherUID: 2793818

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A report suggests that KO should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required while men should be given other kinds. To support his recommendation, the speaker cites a research consisted of 28 men and 20 women who were given the same dosage of KO when they were having their wisdom teeth extracted. The result indicates that the women reported much less pain than the men and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. Although the suggestion is ostensibly credible, closer scrutiny and consideration would reveal the hidden flaws in the line of reasoning.

To begin with, the sample of the report could not be representative to illustrate the result of the research. Only 28 men and 20 women were involved in the research, which, compared with the general population, is far too small a number to be based on to draw any conclusion whatsoever. Unless the speaker could provide a more persuasive research to represent the overall population, we could not be convinced of his advice.

Yet, the speaker unfairly makes the assumption that it is due to KO's function that the women reported less pain and the easing of pain lasted longer in women. Unfortunately, the speaker provides no evidence to justify the assumption and it is entirely possible that the hormones the men and women secreted inside their body differ in function thus causing different effects on men and women as described in the title. Or perhaps women are stronger in will than men are and they can endure more keen and painful feelings or even they do not tend to concede they are suffering from pain. Without ruling out all these possibilities, the speaker could not overemphasize the effectiveness of KO.

Another flaw that weakens the suggestion is that the effectiveness of KO has only been tested on a specific occasion where the women were having their wisdom teeth extracted, no more tests relevant to the effect of the KO were conducted. Therefore it is too reckless for the speaker to allege that KO can be prescribed in all cases of pain medication. Without further research to verify the presumption that KO can be applied in all pain-easing cases, we cannot accept the suggestion made by the speaker.

Furthermore, the speaker unreasonably recommends that men should be given other kinds of pain medication. The research presents no provide evidence to validate KO's ineffectiveness in easing pain for men. The speaker overlooks the possibility that KO indeed worked so well on the men. However, there is no any clinical evidence concerning other painkiller's effect on men, it is possible that KO is far more effective in men than any other painkillers. Without taking these possibilities into consideration, the speaker could not convince us that men need to be given other kinds of pain medication.

In sum, the speaker's suggestion is untenable as discussed above. To bolster his recommendation, the speaker should provide a more statistically reliable research which is sufficient in size to be representative. More evidence is also needed to convince me that KO works better on women than on men and KO is not as effective on men as other pain medications are. I would also need other relevant clinical evidence to warrant the suggestion that the effects of all medications on both genders should be reevaluated and it is actually feasible.

小肯0113UID: 2590901

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shevavaUID: 2574709

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前提:
the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women.
doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications

结论：
kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication
researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women

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This recommendation suggests that due to the research report which reveals that kappa opioids have more efficient on women than men, and men should be given other kinds of pain medication. The report also suggests that researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. However, the report provides insufficient information to support its conclusion.

First, the reports cites that the researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, which is lack of essential information about the exactly age of these men and women. As far as I know, when the wisdom teeth appear is vary from age and gender, perhaps those women can feel much less pain than men just because they have early appeared wisdom teeth and thus those teeth have worse condition that the nerve beneath the teeth is dead, which means the nerve could not feel pain anymore.
Second, the report does not provide the exactly definition of pain. As a common practice, the feeling of pain is different from person to person. Since the report fails to bring out how they measure the feeling of pain, the feelings just reported by those men and women is not accurate enough to make a judgment. It is entirely possible that these women could bear more pain than these men, therefore the women may report much less pain.

Third, since the report only shows the results of 28 men and 20 women while using the same dosage of kappa opioids, I will doubt if it is reliable in statistic.  Because of the quantity of sample in this experiment is apparently insufficient, we can reasonable assume that there is a possibility that those men could not bear more pain than women and when we acquire more men to this experiment, we may have a definitely different result.

Finally, the report makes a hasty generation while it is suggesting that researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. The kappa opioids have less effects on men does not indicate that all medications will also have the weak effects as kappa opioids. Maybe there are some medications that could make men feel less pain than women.

In sum, the recommendation provides unreliable evidence to support this argument as it stands. To strengthen this argument, the report should provide the detail information about the exact age of those men and women and it should also acquire more participants enough to make these experiment statistically reliable. In addition, the report should also provide the approach they use to measure the pain that the participants are feeling. Thus, the recommendation can be a convincible one for researchers to reevaluate the effects of this kind of medications.

SandraShanUID: 2753079

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  Logical Chain
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1研究表明；男人和女人对疼痛的感觉不一样，医生在开药的时候要考虑到这一点
2试验：给28个男人和20个女人拔智齿的人服用相同剂量的kappaopioids，女人反应她们的痛比男人们轻，而且药效持续的时间更长
2->3实验表明，当女人们需要止痛药时，应该给她们kappaopioids，而男人们应该给其他的种类的药
研究者应该重新估计男人和女人对所有药物的反应.

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1、1、试验样本数目过少且数目不同，未排除其他因素，没有说服力
2、止痛药不一定非要是kappaopioids，可能会产生不良影响
3、即使试验结果是正确的，那也没必要对所有药物都做重估
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     习作正文
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In this  argument, the arguer concludes that whenever pain medication is required, kappa opioids should be prescribed for women but not for men and all the medicines should be tested, owing to the different feelings when men and women are suffering from pain, and the research which suggests that women feel much less and short time pain than men when administered kappa opioids. The argument presented above is relatively sound; however, it contains several facets that are questionable.


In the first place, it is apparently unconvincing to get the assertion without the guarantee that the women and men are of the similar conditions, which include number, age and especially their health conditions. With these things into consideration, the results may be quite different. It is entirely possible that most of the selected women happen to assimilate the painkiller very well ,while the men are suffering from other pains which cannot be eased by kappa opioids.


What is more, the research is just take wisdom teeth extracted as an example to show there are differences between women and men. Hence, the painkiller- kappa opioids is only one kind of pain medications specially for that kind of pain. It must be arbitrary to apply it to other situations. In addition, even if it does have obvious effect on people, side effect should be taken into mind.


The last but not the least, regardless of the ignorance of factors listed above, there is no necessity to reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. We may agree with the fact that difference existed between men and women, whereas, most medicines are designed for general person and doing that kind of research would be not only waste of time, but also money.


To sum up, the argument relies on several ambiguous researches which render it unconvincing as it stands. To strengthen it, the author should provide firm details about the credibility of the research. The author should also take particular analysis in particular cases when patients taking painkillers. And actual limited situations should also take into account.

zmssghhUID: 2779772

占楼 记得以前写过的  呵呵 去找找哈

hebillUID: 2532108

占座~~~

kingwyf87UID: 2457409

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Argument035

The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.

"Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches.

Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades food-processing

companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial

use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches

reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found

that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can

expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia."

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                                 写作样式模板

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  Logical Chain
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     论点提纲
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Revised By

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拍文顺序

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3-->5

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