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讲解
========================
主谓一致是指：
1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
1、 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.
注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
2、 主谓一致中的就近原则
1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Either you or she is to go.
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
3、 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
4 、谓语需用单数
1） 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.
2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
<<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
3） 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten dollar
is enough.
5、 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1） 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right. (一切顺利。)
All are present.
(所有人都到齐了。)
2） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
His family isn't very large.
他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students likes English.
6 、与后接名词或代词保持一致
1） 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2） 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。
======================
讲解（版本二）
======================
下面这个是另一个版本，我觉得也不错，拿给大家看一下
句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件；弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件，要正确使用主谓一致，两个条件缺一不可，但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。
误区一 误认主语
1. 倒装句
①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×）
②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)
[解析] 第①句谓语动词使用are，错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语，但实际上是介词between的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是a big tree.因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语
2. 主语之后带有介词短语
①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×）
②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√)
[解析] 第①句误认为apples, oranges是主语，因此谓语动词用are，而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语，like apples，oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit.该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。
特别提醒 类似的结构有：主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。
3. One of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×）
②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
[解析] one of the boys的中心词是one，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。
4. 定语从句
①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×）
②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)
[解析] which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词the photos，而which本身就代替先行词the photos.因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。
特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。
误区二 被主语的表象迷惑
1. 看似复数却表单数概念
①Maths are my favorite subject. (×）
②Maths is my favorite subject. (√)
[解析] maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示单数概念“数学”这一学科，因此第②句正确。
类似的有：physics，news，politics . . .
2. 看似单数却表复数概念
①The police is searching for the robbers. (×）
②The police are searching for the robbers. (√)
[解析] the police译为“警方”，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察”，因此第②句正确，类似的词有：people，the +形容词，the +姓+family等均表复数概念。
3. 名词的单复数同形
①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ (×）
②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ (√)
[解析] sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词，由于sheep之前用的a little修饰，加上Can you see it中的it指代单数，因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”，因此第②句正确。如果将原题改为：There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them？那又会怎么样呢。
特别提醒 类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等，要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。
4. 集合名词
①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×）
②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√)
[解析] family是一个集合名词，表示整体概念时谓语用单数，表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福，现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个family表示整体概念，译为“家庭”，第二个family表示个体概念，译为“家人”，第②句正确。
特别提醒 类似的还有group，class，team等既可表单数也可表复数。
误区三 误用语言规则
1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语
①Ten years are quite a long time. (×）
②Ten years is quite a long time. (√)
[解析] 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数作主语时看作一个整体，谓语动词要用单数，容易错误理解为复数而出现第①句的错误。
2. 由and连接的并列主语
①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×）
②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√)
[解析] the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念，译为“第20课即最后一课”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第20课和最后一课”，如果表示两课，应该表达为“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。
特别提醒 由and连接的并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，表示不同的概念时谓语动词用复数。
3. 就近原则
①Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. (×）
②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (√)
[解析] neither . . . Nor连接的并列主语(you ， he)虽然表示两个人，但根据语言规则，当它连接并列主语的时候，谓语动词根据就近原则，该由he决定，因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 类似的还有either . . . Or，not only . . . But also，not . . . But，以及there be之后的并列主语，谓语动词的确定都根据“就近原则”。
4. This kind of，a piece of，this pair of等短语作主语
①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×）
②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)
[解析] trousers作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它被this pair of修饰时谓语动词由pair的单复数确定。因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 this kind of，a piece of，a bag of，a box of等，这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定，而与它们所修饰的名词无关。
5. The rest of, half of等短语作主语
①Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×）
②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)
[解析] 根据句意和句子结构可以判断the rest of it中的it，指the work，而work是不可数名词，因此第②句正确。
特别提醒 all of，most of，half of，the rest of，以及a lot of，some，any+名词作主语时，要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
6. 一句话提示
①合成不定代词(如something，anybody等)作主语，谓语动词用单数；
②动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
③a number of +名词(复)作主语，谓语用复数，the number of +名词(复)作主语，谓语用单数；
④none of . . . 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
本文转自：中小学教育资源站
======================
自测
======================
选择
There __ (is/are)much water in the thermos.
Ten thousand tons of coal __(was/were) produced last year.
Reading and writing __(is/are) very important.
The iron and steel industry __(is/are) very important to our life.
There __(is/are) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There __(is/are) twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
Either you or she __(is/are)to go.
Here __(is/are)a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
The teacher together with some students __(is/are)visiting the factory.
He as well as I __(want/wants) to go boating.
Each of us __(has/have)a tape-recorder.
There __(is/are)something wrong with my watch.
The Arabian Night __(is/are)a book known to lovers of English.
Three weeks __(was/were)allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten dollar __(is/are)enough.
All __(is/are)right. 一切顺利。
All __(is/are)present. 所有人都到齐了。
His family __(is not/are not) very large.他家不是一个大家庭。
His family __(is/are)music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
__(is/are)there any police around?
A number of books __(has/have)lent out.
The majority of the students__(like/ likes) English.
Most of his money __(is/are)spent on books.
Most of the students __(is/are)taking an active part in sports.
Many a person __(has/have) read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students __(is/are)from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。
判断
Between the two buildings are a big tree. （V / X）
Between the two buildings is a big tree. （V / X）
The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. （V / X）
The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. （V / X）
There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （V / X）
There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （V / X）
I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. （V / X）
I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （V / X）
Maths is my favorite subject. （V / X）
Maths are my favorite subject. （V / X）
The police is searching for the robbers. （V / X）
The police are searching for the robbers. （V / X）
There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？（V / X）
There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （V / X）
Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. （V / X）
Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. （V / X）
Ten years are quite a long time. （V / X）
Ten years is quite a long time. （V / X）
The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. （V / X）
The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. （V / X）
Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. （V / X）
Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. （V / X）
This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. （V / X）
This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. （V / X）
Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. （V / X）
Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. （V / X）
======================
附加题
======================
1. Three years _______ (have) passed since we met last time, and three years _______ (be) a long time.
2. _______ (be) everybody going to take part in the game?
3. Both men and women _______ (have) complained about the advertisement.
4. The family _______ (be) watching TV when I came into the room.
5. But not all the information _______ (is) good to society.
6. One evening she told me that something happened when her parents _______ (be) out.
7. There _______ (is) a table, several chairs in the old house.
8. The great writer and professor _______ (is) going to our school next week.
9. The scientist and the engineer _______ (have) invented a new machine.
10. Alice, together with her friends, _______ (be) punished for having broken the school rules.
11. Every girl and every boy _______ (have) the right to join the club.
12. --- _______ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?
--- Neither she nor I ________（be）.
13. --- Is there anybody in the classroom?
--- No, the teacher as well as the students _______ (have) gone to the playground.
14. None of the money _______ (be) his.
15. A knife and fork _______ (be) on the table. A pen and a pencil _______ (be) on the desk.
II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. E-mail, as well as telephones, ______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play
2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _______ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
3. Either you or the headmaster _______ the prizes to these students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out
C. are handing out D. is to hand out
4. A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered. has offered
C. are offered D. have offered
5. All the employees except the manager _______ to work online at home.
A. encourages. encourage
C. is encouraged D. are encouraged
答案及解析：
I. 1. has；is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时，通常看作整体，
谓语动词用单数。
2. Is。不定代词anyone， anybody， anything， everyone， everybody， everything， someone， somebody， something， nobody， nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
3. have。两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
4. were。集体名词class， family等作主语时，
如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，则用复数形式。
5. is。
6. were。
7. is。由there引导的句子，主语不止一个词时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
8. is。当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。
9. have。
10. was。主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with，along with， as well as， like， rather than， but， except， besides， including等与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。
11. has。两个并列的名词由each，every， no等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。
12. is； am。当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or， either...or， neither...nor或 not only...but also连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
13. has。
14. is。代词none和neither有时当作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。但是代表不可数名词时，
只看作单数。
15. is； are。 |
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发表于 2009-12-15 02:36:46
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